r 


THE 

DYER'S  COMPANION; 


JA"  TWO  PARTS. 


PART  1st  CONTAINING  , 
Upwards  of  one  hundred  receipts  for  colouring  woollen,  cot- 
ton or  silk  cloths,  yarn  or  thread,  all  kinds  of  colours  and 
shades,  so  as  to  make  them  lasting  and  permanent,  upon 
thenev/est  and  most  improved  plan  in  d3ang  ;  with  direct- 
ions for  dressing  cloth,  and  some  observations  and  direc- 
tions as  to  the  use  of  colours  and  dye-stuff,  and  the  proper- 
ties and  efJects  thereof— calculated  for  the  use  of  artists^ 
private  families,  and  the  encouragement  of  manufacto- 
ries, kc. 

THE  2d  PART  CONTAINES^G 
Directions  for  jacking  smd  varnishing  leather  ;  to  make  Oil- 
Cioth,  Lacker  Brass,  and  Tin -Ware  :  To  colour  feathersji 
fur,  and  hair  ;  to  prepare  paints,  varnishes,  &c.  to  stain 
wood  different  colours  ;  to  colour  hats,  either  in  whole  or 
any  particular  part  ;  together  with  a  number  of  medical 
receipts,  which  have  been  found  beneficial,  and  highly  ap- 
proved by  the  faculty. 

CONTAINING  ALSO— = 

Many  discoveries  and  improvements,  not  before  mado 
public. 


BY  ELIJAH  BEMISS. 


NEW-LONDON  : 
PniJVTED  BY  CADY  IsT  EEILS^ 

FOR  THE  AUTKOK, 


t^'^'i  TX^  it  remembered,  that  on  the  twentv-sc* 
Xj  venth  day  of  August,  in  the  thirtlith  ytm' 
of  the  Independence  of  the  Unitisd  Biam^  of  America, 
Elijah  Bemiss,  of  said  district,  hath  dc^pomt^d  in  this 
oifice  the  title  of  a  book,  the  right  vvb^^reof  ha  clmms  as 
author,  in  the  words  following*,  «  Tht^  DYER'S  CX)M- 

PANION,  m  two  parts— .Pavt  1st  containing  upwardi 

of  one  hundred  diiT^^rent  receipts  for  colouring  wool* 
"  len,  cotton,  or  silk  cloths,  yarn  or  thread?  all  kinds  of 
"  colours  and  shades,  so  a§  to  make  thcnn  la^tinp;  and 

permanent,  upon  the  newest  and  most  improved  pj  \n 
"  in  dying  ;  with  directions  fordressirv^  cloth,  and  som^* 
^'observations  and  directions  as  io  •  of  colours 

"  and  dye-stuff,  and  the  propertks  is  theveoi^ 

"  calculated  for  the  use  of  artists,  r  imilies,  and 

the  encouragement  of  manufecio.  ics?  ^'C-  Second 
«  part  contains  directions  for  jacking  and  Tarnishing 
"  leatlier  ;  to  make  oil-cloth*  lacker  bras^,  andtin-w^e  ; 

to  colour  feathers,  fur,  and  hair  5  to  prepare  painti, 
"  varnishes,  &c.  to  stain  woodrSi^erent  colours  5  to  co- 
<^  lour  hats,  either  in  whole  br  any  particular  part  5  to* 
"  q;ether  with  a  number  of  medical  recaipts,  wkkh  have 
"  been  found  beneficial,  and  highly  approved  by  the  fac» 
"  ulty*  Containing  also,  many  improvements  md  di$* 
^  eoveries  not  before,  made  public.—- By  EJijah  Bemisi/* 
In  conformity  to  the  act  of  the  CoHgresc  of  xhc  United 
States,  entitled,  <  An  act  for  the  encouragement  cf  learn* 
ing',  by  securing  the  copies  of  maps,  charts  f.nd  feooksi 
to  authors  and  proprietors  of  such  copie%  during  the 
time  therein  mentioned/' 

SIMEON  BALDWIN, 
Clerk  oft/ie  Dhtrkt  of  Conner tkut, 
A  tme  copy  of  record  examined  and  mfXtil  by 

S.  BALDWIN;  ah  Dhf,  Cm. 


PREFACE 


JL  he  (lefign  of  The  Dyer  s  Companion,*^ 
is  to  furnini  an  eafy  and  uniform'  fyftem  of 
dying  for  the  ufe  of  pra6titioners,  and  thofe 
who  wifli  to  be  benefitted  by  that  and  other 
arts  introduced  in  this  work.  Dun'np  an  em- 
ploynient  of  fevcral  years  in  the  clothier's  bu- 
(inefs,  I  had  to  combat  with  many  difficul- 
ties for  the  want  of  an  affiftant  of  this  kind  ; 
and  I  am  well  perfuaded  the  greater  part  of 
my  fellovv-fun6iioners  have  laboured  under 
the  fameembarraffments,  as  there  has  not  been 
to  rny  knowledge,  any  book  of  this  nature  ever 
before  publifeed  in  the  United  States — a  work 
which  I  bambly  conceive  will  not  only  be 
ferviceable  to  the  practitioners^  but  to  the 
country  ai  large. 

The  author's  attempt  to  improve  the  ufeful 
arts^  and  to  promote  manufaclures,  he  hopes 
v/ili  meet  the  approbation  and  encourage^ 
ment  of  his  fellow-citizens  ;  and  that  the 
phunnefs  of  his  plan,  will  be  excufed,  as  he 
is  an  unlettered  country  dyer.  His  long 
pra6life  in  dying  and  dreffing  cloth,  Sec.  has 
given  him  great  opportunity  for  making  im- 
A  2 


vi 


P  R  E  F  A  CE. 


provements  therein.  Thefe  arts  admit  of  dill 
greater  improvement,  if  proper  attention  is 
paid  to  recording  and  fecuring  our  difcove- 
ries  ;  but  otherwife  it  muft  be  expeSced  that 
they  will  remain  with  us  in  a  ftate  of  infancy. 

The  art  of  dying  is  ftill  far  from  having  ar- 
rived at  a  flate  of  perfeftion  even  in  Europe, 
and  probably  will  not  in  our  age.  This  con- 
fideration  ought  not  to  difcourage  us,  but  to 
increafe  our  ambition  ;  for  it  muft  be  ac- 
knowledged that  great  improvements  have 
been  made  and  are  ftijl  making  in  this  coun- 
try. 

Thofc  to  whom  the  author  is  in  the  frnall- 
ell  degree  indebted  for  promoting  the  ufeful- 
iiefs  of  this  work,  will  pleafe  to  accept  his 
thanks  ;  their  future  favors  are  requefted, 
with  a  hope  that  we  may  continue  to  live  in 
brotherly  love.  By  contributing  our  mutual 
aid  towards  gaining  and  fupporting  our  inde- 
pendence of  Great-Britain,  and  other  foreign 
countries,  to  whom  in  arts  and  manufactures 
we  have  too  long  bowed  the  knee  ;  we  fhall 
promote  our  own  interefts  and  our  country's 
welfare  and  glory. 

In  the  Firf.  Part  it  is  attempted  to  have  the 


PREFACE, 


vii 


Receipts  for  dying  woolen,  filk,  cotton  and 
linen  goods,  ariangedinthebeft  order;  which 
is  loUowed  by  directions  for  the  management 
of  colouring,  &c.  The  different  operations 
of  dye-ftuff  are  then  attempted  to  be^Slfeiewn, 
together  with  direftions  for  dreffing  cloth  ; 
clofing  with  fome  obfervatioias  on  the  prefcnt 
fituation  of  our  bufmefs. 

The  Second  Part  cont?Cms>  feveral  ufefularts 
and  difcoveries,  coiiefted  from  various  fourc- 
es,  which  will  be  found  to  be  extremely  bene- 
ficial to  the  public  in  generaK 

The  author  having  for  feveral  y.^ars  practif- 
ed  in  the  greater  part  of  the  arts  inferted  in 
this  work,  pledges  himfelf  for  the  truth  of  his 
affertions.  He  has  endeavored  to  ufe  the 
plainefl  language,  and  to  point  out  eve^y  part 
of  the  proceffes,  fo  that  no  one  fhould  be  dif- 
appointed  who  attempts  to  follow  his  direc* 
tions.  ^ 

Many  matter  mechanicks  refufe  to  give  re- 
ceipts to  their  apprentices  unlefs  ihey  will  pay 
for  them,  and  at  a  high  price.  There  are 
many  receipts  in  this  book,  which,  to  the  per- 
fonal  knowledge  of  the  author,  have  been  fold 
for  twenty  and  thirty  dollars  each  i  and  the 


P  R  E  F  4  C  M, 


purchafer  prohibited  from  communicating  the 
receipt  to  any  other  perfon.  Wy  this  means, 
ufeful  difcoveries  are  fometimcs  wholly  loft  ; 
and  our  impruvement  in  arts  and  manufac- 
tures make  but  flow  progrefs. 

Should  this  auempt  meet  with  reafonable 
encouragement  the  work  will  be  enlarged  and 
amended,  in  future  editions,  as  the  author 
may  find  time  and  means  for  tiie  purpofe* 


THE 


DYER'S  COMPANION. 

RECEIPTS,  &c. 
!•  Tofcta  blue  Vat  of  twelve  Barrels. 

Jb^OR  a  Tat  of  twelve  barrels  ;  fill  the  vat  about 
half  full  of  water,  scalding  hot  ;  dissolve  eight 
'  pounds  of  potash  in  eight  gallons  of  warm  water  j 
fill  the  copper  with  water  ;  add  one  half  of  the  pot- 
ash lie,  with  five  pounds  of  madder,  a^d  four 
quarts  of  wjieat  bran  ;  heat  this  with  a  moderate 
fire,  nearly  to  boiling  heat,  often  stirring  it — turn 
this  into  the  vat.  Take  five  pounds  of  indigo,  wet 
it  with  one  gallon  of  the  potash  lie,  and  grind  it 
well :  then  fill  your  copper  with  water,  and  add  the 
remainder  of  your  potash  lie,  when  cool,  (being 
careful  in  pouring  it  off,  as  the  sediment  is  injurious 
to  the  dye)  ;  add  this  compound  of  mdigo,  8cc.  and 
four  pounds  of  woad  ;  stir  this  continually  over  a 
moderate  fire,  until  it  boils  ;  then  turn  it  into  the 
vat,  and  stir,  rake  or  plunge  well,  until  well  mixed 
together :  cover  it  close  and  kt  it  stand  two  hours  j 


io 


then  add  four  ounces  of  borax,  rake  well,  and  let  it 
stand  twelve  hours. 

If  it  does  not  come  to  work,  then  take  two  quarts 
of  unslacked  liiiie,  and  six  quarts  of  water,  putting 
them  into  a  vessel  proper  for  the  purpose,  and  stir- 
ring well  ;  after  standing  till  well  settled,  take  the 
lie  of  the  lime,  and  rake  again,  cover  close,  and 
let  it  stand  two  hours.  '  The  symptoms  of  the  dye 
being  fit  to  work,  may  be  known  by  the  rising  of  a 
fine  copper-colored  sCum,  on  top  of  the  dye,  and 
likewise,  a  fine  froth  rising  ;  your  dye  Will  look 
green,  and  your  cloth  dipt  in  it,  before  it  Conie« 
to  the  air,  will  look  green  also. 

Form  of  a  Vat  and  other  Utenftls  necejfary  Jot 
Blue  Dying. 

1st.  The  "Fat  ought  to  be  made  of  pine  plank,  at 
least  two  inches  thick  :  it  should  be  five  feet  iong^ 
and  the  width  sufficient  for  cdntaining  the  quantity 
required  ;  the  largest  ead  down,  and  about  three 
feet  in  the  ground  ;  hooped  with  large  iron  hcops  as 
far  as  it  fitands  in  the  ground  ;  and  ail  above  ground 
covered  with  wooden  hoops  5  the.  top  covered  tight 
with  a  thick  cover  so  as 'to  exclude  the  cbld  air.  A 
small  lid  should  be  made  to  open  ahd  shut  ^^t  pleas- 
ure for  the  purpose  of  admitting  the  dye  into  the 
vat,  stirring,  raking,  EvC.  It  is  absolutely  ntccssa^ 
Tf  to  cor«r  cIosC;  so  as  to  cotifme  the  beat  aad  stea^m 


PYEr's  companion.  U 

|i'om  the  time  you  begin  to  empty  your  hquor,  un- 
til your  vat  is  full.  The  liquor  should  be  conveyed 
fi'om  the  copper  to  the  vat  by  a  spout  or  trunk,  and 
after  stirring,  be  immediately  covered  close. 

2d.  The  Rake  is  of  an  Qval  form,  with  a  handle 
through  the  middle,  of  snffieient  length  to  reach 
the  bottona  of  the  vat  with  ease, 

Sd.  The  Screen  or  BadcJle^Xo  prevent  the  goods 
from  sinking  upon  the  se4iment.  This  vicensil  is 
placed  about  ten  or  tVv^elve  inches  from  the  bottom 
of  the  vat.  It  should  be  as  large  as  the  top  of  the 
vat  will  admit,  and  filled  with  netting  or  splinters  ; 
it  should  be  hung  by  three  cords,  from  the  top,  so 
as  to  be  easily  taken  out  when  necessary,  and  a 
weight  in  the  middle  sufficient  to  keep  it  down. 

4th.  The  Cross-Bar^  or  stick  across  the  vat. 
This  should  be  about  one  inch  in  diameter,  and  plac- 
icd  about  six  inches  from  the  top,  and  across  the  mid* 
die  of  tne  vat. 

5th.  The  Handlers^  Claws  or  Hooks ^  are  for  ma^ 
Raging  the  cloth  ia  the  dye,  (for  no  air  must  come 
to  the  cloth  while  in  the  dye).  The  claws  are  made 
with  wooden  handles  ;  the  hooks  of  iron  in  an  oval 
form,  half  round,  and  notches  in  the  hooks  like  saw 
t^?■'d^,  for  the  purpose  of  catching  hold  of  the  cloth. 


I? 


To  fit  Cloths  for  Dying. 

In  the  first  place  scour  the  grease  well  out  of  the 
cloths.  Take  about  thirty  yards  of  cloth  to  a  fold 
or  draft,  having  prepared,  in  your  copper,  about 
twxj  barrels  of  water,  with  four  ounces  of  pearl-ash 
therein  ;  in  tliis  jiquor  run  aijd  prepare  your  cloth 
for  the  vat  about  eight  or  ten  minutes  ;  then  roll  it 
out  and  let  it  drain.  Then  fold  it  up  smooth  on  the 
side  of  the  vat,  tl'.at  it  may  go  in  open  ;  toss  the 
end  over  the  cross-bar,  and  let  a  person  on  the  other 
side  %vith  his  handlers  be  ready  to  poke  it  dovrn,  and 
let  it  be  done  quick  and  lively.  When  the  cloth  is 
all  in  the  vat,  take  the  other  end  back  again,  by 
pulling  it  hand  over  hand,  very  lively,  till  you 
arrive  at  the  other.  Then  shift  sides,  and  manage 
in  this  manner  till  ready  for  taking  out  ;  which 
will  be  in  ten  or  twelve  minutes^  if  the  dye  is  ripe 
aTid  hot.  But  judg-ment  must  be  used  in  this  case ; 
when  the  dye  is  weak  and  cool,  it  is  necessary  to 
keep  the  cloth  in  an  hour  or  more  : 

In  taking  the  cloth  out  of  the  vat,  it  is  necessary 
to  use  dispatch.  The  utensils  for  this  purpose  are 
two  crooked  irons  passed  just  above  the  vat,  so  that 
two  men  may  put  the  cloth  thereon,  as  taken  out 
of  the  vat  ;  then  a  windlass  for  the  purpose  of 
.wringing  the  cloth  as  dry  as  conveniently  can  be 
dcua^.    Hang  your  cloth  then  ia  the  open  air,  til! 


dyer's  companion. 


13 


it  is  perfectly  cool.  At  the  same  time,  if  you  have 
more  cloth,  prepare  it  as  described  before  in  the 
copper  of  pearlash  water.  This  process  must 
be  observed  every  time  the  cloth  is  dipped  m  the 
vat.  Two  dressings  are  commonly  sufficient  for 
colouring  the  first  time  ;  then  air  and  rincc,  and 
this  will  be  a  pretty  good  blue—and  full  and  manage 
^Ls  you  do  cloths  to  prepare  them  for  colouring. 
However,  your  dye  must  not  be  crowded  too  fast 
at  first. 

If  you  find  your  dye  does  not  colour  fast  enough, 
cover  and  rake,  and  let  it  stand  an  hour  or  two  ;  being 
careful  to  keep  the  vat  covered,  excepting  when  the 
cloth  is  in  :  work  the  dye  till  it  is  cool,  then  heat  it 
again.  If  all  your  cloths  are  not  coloured  for  full- 
ing ;  heat  your  dye  again  in  the  copper  or  other  u- 
tensil,  nearly  to  boiling  heat,  then  turn  it  into  the 
Tat  and  cover  it  up  ;  add  two  pounds  of  pearlash, 
rake  well,  and  let  it  stand  ten  or  twelve  hours  ;  then 
rake  it,  and  let  it  stand  two  hours,  when  it  will  be 
fit  for  work.  Let  the  die  be  worked  as  long  as  it 
will  colour  well ;  then  manage  as  before  until  the 
dye  is  reduced.  Recruit  as  before  in  setting,  and 
manage  in  the  same  manner  till  your  cloths  are  all 
coloured.  Only  omit  two  pounds  of  potash  and  one 
pound  of  indigo  out  of  the  quantity  ;  and  the  dye 
must  stand  to  come  to  work,  which  will  probably 


B 


14 


dyer's  co:mpanion. 


be  sooner  than  at  first  ;  caution  must  be  us.ed  about 
working  it  too  soon. 

The  cloths  when  fulled  and  prepared  for  colour- 
in.q;,  must  be  managed  as  at  first,  and  run  till  they 
suit.  After  you  have  done  colonng,  open  your 
vat,  rake  well,  and  give  the  dye  all  ail  the  air  you 
can.  Let  it  stand,  and  it  may  be  kept  good  for  ma- 
ny years,  if  rightly  managed  :  After  it  has  been 
recruited  several  times,  it  v/lll  be  necessary  to  dip 
off  the  dye  carefully, so  as  not  to  disturb  the  sediment 
or  lees,  and  throv/  it  away.  When  the  dye  has 
b6en  standing  a  long  time,  it  is  necessary  to  throw 
away  the  lees,  for  they  will  have  a  tendency  to  in- 
jure the  dye,  and  the  colour  will  not  be  so  bright 
if  they  remain  in  the  vat.  The  dye  will  not  come 
to  work  so  soon  as  if  the  sediment  had  remained  in 
the  vat,  and  it  ought  not  to  be  disturbed  excepting 
when  it  is  necessary  to  dispense  with  some  of  the 
Ices. 

The  dyer  being  careful  to  manage  according  to 
these  directions,  will  have  the  best  mode  of  dying 
cloth  blue  known  by  me. 

To  color  yarn  or  wool  in  this  dye,  the  yarn  must 
be  hung  loose  in  the  dye,  and  the  wool  be  put  loose 
into  a  nett  and  then  immersed. 

When  the  goods  are  dyed,  have  them  immedi- 
ately ringed  in  clear  w^^ter  j  when  drycd,  take  twelve 


dyer's  companion. 


15 


gallons  of  warm  water  to  one  pound  of  bard  soap 
dissolved,  and  one  pint  of  beef  gall  ;  wet  the  cloth 
with  this,  and  let  it  run  in  the  mill  eight  or  ten 
minutes,  <hen  rince  it  with  fair  water  till  perfectly 
clean,  and  it  will  prevent  the  goods  from  crackiop;, 
Sec. 


^d.  AXOTHER  METHOD  FOR  BLUE. 


A  O  set  a  tub  of  6  gallons,  take  five  gallons  of 
good  old  sig,  to  which  add  2  gills  of  spirits,  half  a 
pound  of  good  indigo  made  fine  ;  put  it  in  a  bag, 
wet  it,  and  rub  it  out  in  the  dye,  then  add  two  oun- 
ces of  pearlash,  and  2  ounces  of  good  madder  ;  stir 
and  mix  it  all  together,  let  it  stand  24  hours  ;  then 
add  half  a  pint  of  wheat  bran,  stir  it  up  till  well 
mixed  together,  let  it  stand  24  hours  longer,  ami  if 
your  dye  does  not  come  to  work  by  this  time,  stir  it 
as  often  as  once  in  two  or  three  hours,  but  do  not 
55pply  your  goods  before  your  copper  scum  and 
froth  rises,  and  the  dye  looks  greenish  when  drop- 
ping, and  your  yarn  or  wool  looks  greenish  when 
applied  to  the  dye,  wliich  are  symptoms  that  your 
dye  is  in  good  order,  ior  use ;  but  you  must  be  cau- 
tious not  to  croud  your  dye  too  full,  for  many  blue 
dyes  are  destroyed  in  this  way.  Be  careful  also  a- 
bout  reducing  your  dye  too  low  ;  always  keep  indi- 


The  best  to  dve  Yarn  or  Wool. 


ifi  dyer's  companiox. 


go  in  the  bag,rubbing  it  out  when  necessary  ;  and  you 
need  not  stop  your  dye  to  recruit  it  after  it  has  come 
to  work  ;  but  make  your  additions  when  you  take 
3^our  goods  out,  as  you  find  it  necessary.  Wring 
out  the  goods,  stir  your  dye  well  together,  cover  it 
close,  and  place  it  where  it  will  keep  lukewarm. 
It  will  not  dye  so  quick  as  the  other  dye,  but  it 
will  make  a  superior  blue.  It  is  commonly  from 
two  to  three  days  in  colouring  for  a  deep  blue. 

N.  B.  The  yarn  or  wool  should  be  wet  in  warm 
sig,  before  it  is  put  in  the  dye,  and  the  tub  cover- 
ed close,  &c. 


%d.  J?^ OTHER  METHOD  FOR  BLUE. 


JL  AKE  half  a  pail  full  of  good  ashes,  two  quarts 
cf  stone  lime,  and  as  much  big  as  to  run  through 
three  gallons  of  liquor  ;  add  two  ounces  of  good  in- 
digo made  fine,  four  ounces  of  good  madder,  and 
half  a  pint  of  wheat  bran  ;  stir  and  mix  it  well  to- 
gether, let  it  stand  two  days,  then  stir  it  up,  and 
put  in  half  a  pint  of  good  emptines.  Let  it  stand 
24  hours,  and  your  dye  will  be  fit  for  work. 

BireBions  to  he  ohferved  in  common  Co^ 
louring. 

EYEE.Y  person  that  understands  his  business 
Isnows  what  utensils  are  necessary  for  the  business 


DYIiR's  COMPANION.  17 

in  colouring  ;  however,  I  will  give  a  brief  descrip- 
tion of  those  commonly  used. 

The  first  thing  necessary  is  the  copper  kettle  ;  I 
say  copper  kettle,  because  it  is  most  commonly 
us^d  in  all  hot  dyes,  and  all  hot  dyes  may  be 
coloured  in  the  copper,  and  I  shall  mention  no  oth- 
er in  the  following  receipts.  Block  tin  or  brass, 
are  better  for  red  and  yellow,  than  the  copper  ;  and 
iron  the  best  for  black  or  green  ;  but  this  I  leave  to 
the  discretion  of  those  in  practice.  The  size  ought 
to  be  from  two  to  foiu*  barrels,  according  as  your 
business  requires.  In  setting  the  kettle,  reference 
should  be  had  to  convenience  of  heatmg  and  work- 
ing. 

The  Reel^  as  it  is  commonly  called,  which  is 
used  for  managing  the  cloth  in  the  dye,  is  conduct- 
ed over  and  over  in  the  dye,  being  turned  by  a 
wench  ;  and  the  cloth  is  poked  down  and  spread  o- 
pen  by  a  stick  about  three  feet  long.  The  cloth  al- 
ways should  be  tended  lively  when  in  the  dye. 
(The  time  the  cloth  is  to  be  in  these  dyes,  will 
hereafter  be  described,) 

When  the  cloth  has  been  a  sufficient  time  in  the 
dye,  then  real  or  wind  it  up  ;  let  it  drain  a  few  mi- 
nutes, then  take  it  out  in  the  open  air,  and  spread 
it  till  perfectly  cool  ;  and  this  must  be  the  manage- 
ment every  time  the  cloth  is  dipped.  Never  add 
B2 


t 


IS 


dyer's  companion. 


ity  dye-stuff  or  crater  when  the  doth  is  in  the  dye  ; 
but  when  added,  stir  and  mix  the  dye  well  together 
before  the  cloth  is  put  in.  The  cloth  should  be  per- 
fectly cool  in  order  to  make  the  colours  bright,  have 
the  kettle  well  cleaned.  The  most  common  form 
I  practice,  is  to  rince  the  dye  well  ©fT,  then  take 
some  ashes  and  a  swab,  and  rub  it  well  and  rince  it 
clean,  and  it  will  answer  for  most  colours.  But  if 
it  does  not  appear  bright  enough,  then  take  half  a 
gill  of  Oil  of  vitriol,  and  rub  in  the  same  manner  as 
before  ;  rince  clean,  kc. 

To  clean  a  Copper. 

TAKE  four  ounces  of  allum,  two  quarts  of  vi- 
negar, and  two  ounces  of  oil  of  vitriol  ;  put  them 
all  together,  heat  them  boiling  hot,  and  put  them 
into  your  kettle  ;  wash  it  well  with  a  swab,  rince  it 
with  Wv^ter  clean,  and  it  will  be  fit  for  any  dyes. 

J  GEJ^ERAL  RULE. 

X  SHALL  lay  it  down  as  a  general  rule,  to  take 
20*yds.  or  16  lbs.  weight  for  the  quantity  of  cloth, 
for  which  to  proportion  the  dye-stuff.  However, 
.any  quantity  of  cloth  or  goods  may  be  coloured  by 
the  following  receipts  ;  only  in  the  like  proportion  < 
as  t>eforc  mentioned ;  and  another  thing  is  to  be  ob: 


BY£ll'b  COMPANION. 


19 


served,  the  difTereBt  states  of  the  dyesj  by  giving 
all  your  goods  an  equal  chance  in  the  dye  ;  for  most 
of  colours  the  dye  is  good  for  nothing  for  that  co- 
lour after  the  colour  is  done. 

Uh.  FOR  BLUE. 

TO  20  yds  of  failed  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
good  logwood  chips  ;  fill  your  copper  with  fair  wa- 
ter, add  the  logwood,  and  boil  well  till  the  strength 
is  out  ;  then  add  one  pound  of  good  madder  and  one 
pound  of  allum  ;  Irt  it  simmer  together  fifteen  min- 
utes, but  not  boil,  (for  the  madder  ought  never  to 
boil)  run  your  cloth  twenty  or  thirty  minutes, 
roll  out  and  air  it  ;  let  the  dye  simmer  a  few 
minutes,  then  run  it  again  as  before,  with  the  heat 
of  the  dye  increasing,  about  thirty  minutes  :  air  it, 
and  the  cloth  will  then  appear  of  a  purple  cast  or 
shade.    Then  tcikc  tv/o  ounces  of  verdigrease  pul- 
verised fine  ;  then  take  one  piat  of  sig  ;  put  them 
into  a  proper  vessel,  and  simmer  them  together 
with  constant  stirrhig,  till  well  mixed  and  dissolved  ; 
then  add  this  to  your  dye,  with  two  gallons  of  sig, 
and  two  ounces  of  blue  vitriol  ;  boil  them  mode- 
rately together  about  15  minutes,  then  stop  your 
dye  from  boiling,  and  stir  well  together,  then  run 
your  cloth  about  thirty  minutes  :  run  in  this  man- 
ner till  the  colour  suits,  and  you  will  have  a  fine 
blue,  but  it  will  not  be  so  durable  as  Indigo  blue. 


t 


by.er's  companion*;. 


Bth.   FOR  BLUE. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  fulled  Cloth;  fill  your  cop- 
per with  fair  water,  heat  it  boiiing-  hot,  take  two 
pounds  of  copperas,  half  a  pound  of  ailum,  a  quarter 
of  a  pound  of  argal,  or  red  tartar~pulvcrise  these 
together,  and  put  this  compound  into  the  boiling 
water — skim  your  dye,  stop  its  boiling,  run  your 
cJoth  twenty  or  thirty  minutes,  air  and  run  it  again, 
as  before,  twenty  minutes,  air  andrince  it  in  water  ; 
shift  your  liquor  from  the  copper,  rince  your  cop- 
per, fill  it  with  fair  water,  then  add  four  pound  of 
good  logwood  chips,  boil  well  twenty  iiiinutes,  then 
slacken  your  fire  and  add  an  half  pound  of  good 
madder  ;  let  it  simmer  fifteen  minutes — .together 
with  one  ounce  verdigrease  made  fine,  as  described 
in  receipt  fourth,  with  sig,  Sec.  then  take  one  gallon 
of  sig  and  add  with  the  rest  to  the  dye,  stir  them 
well  together,  till  the  dye  is  wxll  mixed  ;  run  your 
cloth  again  in  this  dye  thirty  minutes,  air  it,  and  add 
two  ounces  of  pearl-ashes,  :ind  run  it  again,  with  the 
dye  well  mixed  together — handle  in  this  manner, 
lill  your  colour  pleases.  This  will  be  a  good  blue, 
rather  preferable  to  receipt,  no.  4. 

.^th.    PRUSSIJA  BLUE. 

Compound,  or  Chymics.— This  compound  or 
blueing  is  made,  thus  :  Take  one  pound  of  goodi^jo- 
tong  indigo  pulverised;  four  pounds  of  oil  of  'wtrifia 


t 


byer's  companion. 


21 


and  two  ounces  of  fine  salt— put  this  in  a  stone  pot 
(or  some  earthern  vessel)  that  will  contain  six  times 
the  quantity  of  this  compound,  or  it  will  be  liable 
to  rise  and  run  over,— First  put  in  the  vitriol,  then 
the  indigo,  then  the  salt ;  stir  this  continually,  one 
hour,  or  till  it  gets  pretty  well  settled  and  cool — for 
it  will  boil  and  foment  in  a  terrible  manner.  Let  it 
stand  four  days  or  a  week,  covered  close,  stirring  it 
now  and  then,  as  is  most  convenient. 


7th.    Another  Method  for  BiUEiNGy 
OR  Compound* 

TAKE  one  pound  of  common  good  indigo  ,  six 
pounds  of  oil  of  vitriol,  half  a  pound  of  stone 
lime — put  these  together,  (as  described  before)  in 
the  pot,  and  stir  it — This  will  be  fit  to  use  in  forty- 
eight  hours.  I  have  mixed  it  without  either  lime  or 
salt  ;  but  it  requires  more  stirnng  and  longer 
standing  before  it  is  fit  for  use.  This  compound  is 
used  for  dyeing  Prussian  blue,  green,  and  maiiy  oth- 
er colours. 

Bth.  PRUSSIAJYBLUE. 

FILL  your  copper  with  fair  water,  heat  it  near- 
ly boiling  hot;  then  add  of  your  blue  (as  is  before 


22 


dyer's  CO^aPANION'. 


mentioned)  a  little,  and  stir  it  well  with  the  Wate>*j 
run  your  clotft,  roll  out,  air,  and  add  of  your  com- 
pound by  little  and  little,  till  your  colour  pleases; — 
You  may  make,  in  tliis  dye,  any  sliade  you  wish,  of 
this  kind  of  blue,  and  very  bright. 

9tL    FOR  GREEJf, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  pound  of  fus- 
tick  chips  and  boil  them  well,  then  add  one  quarter 
pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  till  it  is  a  good  yel- 
low, then  add  of  your  blueing*  about  half  a  gill  at  a 
time,  stir  and  mix  it  well  together  in  the  dye,  run 
your  cloth  with  a  hot  fircs  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes, 
then  air  and  a  little  of  your  blueing,  and  run  again 
in  the  same  manner-as  before,  and  add  of  your  blue- 
ing, little  by  little,  till  your  colour  suits. 

If  you  have  a  considerable  quantity  ©f  cloth  to 
colour,  it  will  be  necessary  to  boil  your  fustic k  till 
your  dye  is  strong  ;  then  put  it  in  a  tub,  for  the  con- 
venience of  dipping  it  off  as  it  is  wanted  to  mix 
with  the  blueing.  The  quantity  of  yellow  die  to  be 
dipped  off,  must  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  dyer, 
according  to  the  quantity  of  cloth  in  colouring  ;  let 
the  chips  remain  in  the  kettle,  and  fill  your  copper 
with  water,  boil  again,  and  yellow  your  cloth  till  a 
good  yellow,  by  adding  alium  every  dipping — then 

*  This  compound  of  vitriol  and  indigo,  is  known  by 
blueing  chymick  Or  saxon  pot* 


J)YER*S  COMPANION. 


take  the  chips  out  of  the  dye,  then  add  of  your  blue-? 
ing,  run  your  all  cloths,  add  of  your  blueing  and 
yellow  die,  having  your  die  hot  and  well  mixed  to- 
gether— run  your  cloth,  and  add  of  your  compound 
and  yellow  die,  by  little  and  little,  v/ell  mixed  and 
stirred  together  ;  and  if  the  colour  does  net  appear 
bright  enough,  frequently  add  a  little  allum,  keep  it 
in  much  longer,  and  this  will  give  lustre  to  your 
colour.— This  is  the  best  method  of  dyeing  a  bright 
green,  I  believe,  in  the  vforld,  or  the  best  I  ever 
knew. 

Green  requires  the  judgment  of  the  dyer  to  pre- 
vent one  colour  from  overrunning  the  other,  otlicr-? 
wise  the  colour  will  appear  dull,  and  never  can  be 
made  bright.  But  follow  the  receipt  with  care  and 
judgment,  and  you  will  have  a  very  fine  green. 


loth.    FOR  QR&tJt, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  five  pounds  of 
good  fustick  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  tv/o  ounces  of 
allum,  run  your  cloth  till  a  good  yellow  ;  then  add 
of  your  blueing  half  a  pound,  run  your  cloth  twen- 
ty or  thirty  minutes,  then  air,  and  add  a  little  cop*- 
peras  and  a  little  logwood  ;  let  it  boil  a  few  minutes, 
run  again^  and  handle  till  your  colour  pledges* 


BTER*S  COMPAXlOif. 


nth.    FOR  GREEM 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth  take  four  pounds  of 
fustic  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  two  ounces  of  pearl 
ashes,  one  ounce  of  allura,  one  ounce  of  aqua  fortis 
• — let  it  boil,  stir  and  mix  it  well  together,  then  run 
your  cloth  till  a  g;ood  yellow  ;  air,  and  add  of  your 
blueing,  well  mix  it  with  your  dye,  run  your  cloth, 
and  add  of  your  blueing  by  little  and  little,  till  your 
colour  pleases. 

I2t/i,  FOR  GREEM 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  quarts  of 
wheat  bran,  wet  it  with  vinegar,  let  it  stand  twelve 
hours  ;  fill  your  copper  with  fair  water,  put  your 
bran  in  a  bag  and  let  it  boil  in  the  water  one  hour, 
take  it  out,  let  it  drain,  and  squeeze  it  dry  as  you 
can  ;  then  add  two  ounces  of  argal,*  made  fine,  and 
one  ounce  of  allum  ;  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  for* 
ty  minutes,  boiling  ;  then  air  and  rince,  shift  your 
liquor  from  your  copper,  rince  and  fill  with  fair  wa- 
ter ;  then  add  four  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  boil 
well  till  the  strength  is  well  out,  then  add  a  little 
allum,  and  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes  more  ; 
then  add,  gradually,  as  much  blueing  as  is  necessa- 
ry, and  sadden  with  a  little  copperas. 

*  ThU  i$  called  by  some,  Crude^  or  Red  Tartar. 


DYER*S  COMPANION. 


25 


^ '  If  the  colour  is  not  bright  enough,  shift  y/)ur  dye 
fi'om  your  copper,  and  fill  with  fair  water  ;  heat  it 
nearly  to  boiling  heat,  add  a  little  blueing,  and  handle 
till  your  colour  pleases. 

\%t1u  FOR  GREEA. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  five  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  and  boil  well  ;  then  add  two  ounces 
of  allum,  and  six  ounces  of  compound  or  blueing—. 
half  of  your  blueing  at  a  time  ;  run  your  cloth  thir- 
ty minutes,  then  add  the  rest  of  your  blueing  to- 
gether with  yellow  dye  and  a  little  allum  ;  run  again 
as  before  ;  then  add  two  ounces  of  blue  vitriol,  boil 
well,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases, 

N.  B.  These  green  dyes  are  worth  saving  as  they 
are  useful  in  many  dyes,  especially  for  bottle  greea 
m  the  first  beginning. 


im.  FOR  BOTTLE  GREEJT. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  boil  ^vell,  then  add  two  ounces  of  al- 
lum and  your  blueing  ;  stir  and  mix  them  well  to- 
gether, then  ru»  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  air  and 

G 


1^6 


BYEPs's  COMPANION* 


run  again  till  Imve  it  a  good  deep  gr^eii ;  thea 
add  two  pounds  of  logvvoodj  boil  well,  take  o«q 
quarter  of  a  j>ouiid  of  verdigrease,  pulverisie  k,  and 
])iit  in  a  proper  vessel  with  one  pint  ^f  vine  gar  ;  let 
it  simmer  together  with  constant  stirring,  till  all  dis^ 
solved  ;  then  add  it  to  the  dye,  st4r  and  mix  it  wel} 
together,  run  your  cloth  with  your  dye  hot,  thirty 
or  forty  minutes  ;  then  air  and  sadden  with  coppe= 
rus,  till  the  colour  is  dark  enough. 

If  your  green  goes  off,  shift  your  dye  from  your 
copper,  clean  it  well,  rince  your  cloth  well,  fill 
your  kettle  with  fair  w^ter,  heat  it  boiling  liot,  and 
add  blueing  by  degrees  till  yorur  colour  pleases. 
if 

15th,  FOR  BOTTLE  GREEK, 

FOR  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  fill  your  copper  with 
fair  water,  heat  it  boiling  hot  ;  take  half  a  pound  of 
blue  vitriol,  and  let  it  dissolve  in  the  water  ;  run 
yovir  cloth  30  minutes,  air  and  run  again  as  before; 
then  add  three  pounds  of  good  logwood  chips  and 
two  pounds  of  fustic,  and  boil  well ;  run  your  cloth, 
said  handle  till  your  colour  pleases  ;  and  you  will 
have  a  fine  bottle  green,  but  it  is  more  liable  to  fade 
than  tlie  other,  which  will  hold  equal  to  a  blue. 


bVKk's  COMPANlOK. 


^7 


16.7/.  FOR  OLIVE  GREEX. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six*  pounds  of  fus- 
tic, boil  well,  then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  al- 
lum,  and  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  blueing  ;  run  your 
cloth  one  hour^  then  add  half  a  bushel  of  butternut 
bark  ;  let  it  boil  moderately  till  the  strength  is  well 
out ;  run  your  doth  30  minutes,  air,  and  run  again  ; 
then  add  one  f|uarter  of  a  pound  of  copperas,  and 
handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

When  I  have  any  bright  green  dye,  as  in  receipt  • 
No.  9,  I  use  it  as  a  preparation  for  the  olive  green. 


\7th.  FOR  YELLOW. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of. aqua  for tis,  and  as  much  pewter  or  block 
tin  ns  the  aqua  fortis  will  dissolve  ;  (first  pouring 
the  pewter  in  a  melted  state  into  v/ater  ;)  fill  your 
copper  with  fair  water,  boiling  hot  ;  then  add  the  i 
Compound  of  aqua  fortis,  Sec.  with  six  ounces  of  ar- 
gal,  and  half  a  pound  of  allum  ;  boil  well,  run  your 
cfoth  boiling  forty  mimites  ;  then  air  and  rince,  and 
shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper  ;  fill  with  fair 
water,  then  take  four  pounds  of  good  fus- 
tick,  and  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  tarmerick,  boil 


2S 


dyer's  companion. 


well,  and  add  half  a  pound  of  alliim  ;  rim  your 
cloth  thirty  minutes^  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases* 

18/;^.  FOR  YELLOW. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  pound  of  al- 
lum,  fill  your  copper  with  fair  water,  heat  boil- 
ing hot,  run  your  cloth  boiling,  three  quarters  of 
an  hour  j  air,  rince  and  shift  your  liquor  from  your 
copper  ;  rince  and  fill  with  fair  ^vater  ;  add  six 
pounds  of  good  fustick,  boil  well,  then  add  a  quar- 
ter of  a  pound  of  allum,  and  two  ounces  of  aqua  for- 
tlskilled  with  pewter  as  described  in  receipt  No,  17  ; 
Atir  and  mix  it  well  together  with  your  dye  ;  run 
your  cloth  and  handle  till  your  colour  suits  your 
fancy. 

The  dyer  must  be  exceeding  careful  in  these  yel- 
low dyes,  that  his  copper  utensils  and  cloth  are  all 
clean  ;  for  the  yellow  dyes  are  very  easily  spoiled. 
It  also  requires  great  care  about  handling  the  cloths, 
that  you  do  not  touch  them  ag^ainst  any  thing  that 
will  spot  them,  for  that  is  not  very  easily  mended, 

N.  B.  The  aqua  fortis  must  be  put  in  a  sound 
earthen  vessel,  to  contain  much  more  than  the 
fluantity  of  aqua  fortis  ;  for  it  will  boil  and  fly,  and 
appear  to  be  red  hot  when  you  put  in  the  pewter  or 


byeh's  companion. 


29 


block  tin  ;  and  it  must  be  fed  as  long  as  it  will  dis- 
solve it.  Then  let  it  stand  till  cold  ;  then  apply  it 
to  the  dye.  This  is  the  way  that  aqua  fortis  must 
be  used;,  except  otherwise  directed.  Remembef 
the  pewter  or  block  tin  must  be  melted  aftd  thrown 
into  water,  and  it  will  dissolve  the  better,  Sec, 

19^//.  BUFF  YELLOW, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
good  fustick,  boil  well  ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pouiKl  of  the  best  mad<ler  and  six  ounces  of  allum  ; 
let  it  simmer  together,  but  not  boil,  (for  the  mad- 
der must  not  boil,  but  be  near  boiling)  run  your 
cloth,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

N.  B.  The  yellow  dye,  (after  you  have  done  dy- 
ing your  yellow,)  may  be  useful  to  all  colours  that 
have  yellow  in  them  ;  lor  green,  olive,  Sec. 

mil.  TO  TAKE  THE  COLOUR  OUT  OF  CLOTH. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  pounds  of 
i»ed  tartaT,  four  pounds  of  allum,  three  quarters  of 
a  potmd  of  cream  of  tartar,  one  pound  of  white  ar- 
gal  or  tartar  ;  pulverize  and  mix  them  together  \  fiU 

C  ia 


to 


»YEll*S  COMPAKION. 


yGiir  copper  with  fair  water,  heat  boiling  hot ;  then 
add  your  compound,  let  it  boil,  run  your  cloth  one 
hour,  boiling  ;  and  this  will  completely  destroy  al- 
most any  colour,  or  colours. 

FOR  YELLOWy 

AFTER  you  have  taken  the  colour  out.  Th® 
doth  must  fee  well  rinced  in  water.  For  twenty 
yards  of  cloth  ;  fill  your  copper  with  fair  water, 
then  add  two  pounds  of  fustick,  (the  best  kind)  half 
a  pound  of  ground  tarmerick,  and  one  ounce  of  a- 
qua  fortis  ;  boil  well,  run  your  cloth,  and  handle  till 
your  colour  pleases. 

TO  TAKE  THE  COLOUR  OUTOF  CLOTH, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  half  a  pound  of 
oil  of  vitriol,  put  in  about  one  quart  of  cold  water, 
stir  it  till  well  mixed  with  the  water  ;  put  it  in  your 
copper  already  filled,  and  boiling  hot,  with  fair  wa- 
ter ;  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  air  and  rince, 
jmd  you  may  make  almost  any  colour  you  please, 
on  clotli  that  has  had  the.  colour  taken  out  in  this 
way  ;  but  you  cannot  if  done  in  the  way  of  receipt 
Nq.  20.   It  must  be  observed,  that  there  cannot 


dVer's  companion. 


31 


any  great  quantity  of  cioth  or  goods  managed  in 
these-  preparations  at  once,  without  shifting  the  li- 
quor ;  for  the  dye-stuff  that  is  extracted  from  the 
cloth  will  overpower  the  preparation  that  dissolves 
tlie  colour.  I  have  destroyed  a  black  of  the  best 
kind;  and  made  a  good  yellow,  in  this  way. 

23^/.  SCARLET  RED. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  pound  of 
good  fustick,  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  tarmerick,  six 
ounces  of  aqua  foitis,  and  half  a  pound  of  argal  or 
red  tartar,  which  boil  till  the  strength  is  well  out, 
(the  copper  being  clean  as  possible,  and  the  water 
fair)  then  run  your  cloth  two  hours  with  the  dye 
boiling  ;  then  air,  rince  and  shift  your  liquor  from 
your  coppet',  and  fill  with  ckan  water  ;  heat  boil- 
ing hot,  then  take  one  peck  of  wheat  bran  wet  witji 
vinegar,  and  after  standing  twelve  hours,  put  it  in  a 
bag,  and  boil  well  one  hour ;  let  it  drain,  and  squeeze 
it  as  dry  as  you  conveniently  can,  run  your,  cloth 
30  minutes,  air,  rince  and  shift  your  liquor  from 
your  copper  ;  clean  your  copper  as  clean  as  p©ssi- 
ble,  fill  with  fair  water,  and  heat  boiling  hot  ;  then 
add  five  ounces  of  cochineal  made  fine,  one  ounce  of 
red  arsenick,  two  ounces  and  an  half  of  aqua  fortis, 
two  ounces  of  gum  armoniack  ;  boil  this  together 
till  the  strength  is  well  out  \  then  run  yo^r  clotli 


•with  the  dye  boiling,  run  till  your  colour  suitSvand, 
youwiii  have  a  line  scarlet.  v 

24//2,  SCJ^E7'  RED. 
TO  twenty  yards  of  clotli,  take  one  peck  of  wheat 
bran  v/et  with  vinegar,  let  it  stand  twelve  hours  ; 
fill  your  copper  with  water,  heat  boiling  hot  ;  put 
the  bran  pudding  into  a  bag,  let  it  boil  one  hour, 
then  run  your  cloth  with  the  dye  boiling,  forty  min- 
utes ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  aqua  fortis, 
three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  argal  or  red  tartar  ;  ruii 
forty  minutes  more  with  the  dye  boiling,  then  air, 
rince  and  shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper  and 
fill  with  water  ;  add  one  pound  of  fu stick,  and  a 
qViarter  of  a  pound  of  tartnerick,  boil  this  {^ne  hour ; 
then  run  your  cloth  one  hour  with  the  dye  boiling, 
air,  rince  and  shift  the  liquor  from  your  copper  ;  fill 
with  water,  heat  boiling  hot  ;  then  add  six  ounces 
of  cochineal  pulverised,  three  Ounces  of  aqua  fortis^ 
and  one  ounce  of  arrnoniac  ;  let  it  boil  %vell  fifteen 
tiiinutes  ;  ruti  your  cloth  one  hour  with  your  dye 
boiling,  and  yon  will  have  a  fine  starlet. 

2Sth.  CRJMSO^r  RED. 
TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  quarters  of 
,  5!^  pound  of  alluna;  three  quai^ters  of  apound  of  creaai 


byer's  comtanion^ 


35 


of  tartar,  and  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  argal  ; 
pulverise  these  and  mix  them  together  ;  fill  your 
copper  with  fair  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  and  add 
this  compound  ;  stir  and  mix  it  well  with  the  boil- 
ing water  ;  then  run  yourt:loth  one  hour  boiling  ; 
then  air,  rince  and  shift  your  liquor  ;  fill  with  fair 
water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  take  half  a  pound  of 
cochineal,  and  half  a  pound  of  cream  of  tartar,  mix- 
ed and  pulverised  together ;  then  add  one  half  of  the 
cochineal  and  tartar  ;  run  your  cloth  three  quarters 
of  an  hour  with  the  dye  boiling  ;  then  air  and  add 
of  this  compound  by  little  and  little,  with  your  dye 
boiling,  till  the  colour  is  well  raised  on  the  red  ;  then 
take  half  a  pound  of  the  spirits  of  sal  armoniac,  and 
run  your  cloth,  three  quarters, of  an  hour,  and  this 
will  give  it  the  crimson  hue.  This  is  a  true  crim-* 
«pn,  and  permanent. 


2^th.  FOR  CRIMSOA^  RED, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth  ;  take  three  quarters  of 
a  pound  of  fustick,  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  Tarme- 
rick,  five  ounces  of  aqua  fortis,  fill  your  copper  with 
water,  add  this,  and  boil  well,  till  the  strength  is 
well  out ;  run  your  cloth  one  and  an  half  hours  with 
your  dye  boiling- then  air,  rince,  and  shift  your  li- 
quor from  your  copper,  and  wash  clean  :  fill  with 
im  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  take  four  and 


half  ounces  of  cochinesil,  k  fotiraftd  an  half  ounces  o? 
cream  of  tartar,  pulverised  together  ;  add  this  to 
the  water,  with  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  aqua  fortis, 
and  three  ounces  of  tarmerick,  in  which  boil  and 
handle  your  cloth,  run  one  hour,  then  take  half  a 
pound  of  spirits  of  sal  ai'raoniac,  or  p^oodold  sig,  to 
bloom  with  ;  in  this  haisdic,  with  the  dye  boiling,  till 
your  colour  pkases. 

tflh.  FOR  RED  WITH  RED-WOOD  OR 
CARJGUA, 
TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth  ;  take  ten  pounds  of 
yed-wood  or  Nicaragua  chips,  and  boil  moderately 
in  good  clean  water  ©na  hour  ;  then  add  one  pound' 
of  allum,  run  your  cloth  forty  minutes,  thefi  air 
and  let  the  dye  steep  in  the  same  manner  as  it 
did  before  ;  and  run  again,  adding  a  little  allunt 
every  time  you  dip  ;  and  manage  in  this  form  till 
your  colour  suit^  your  fancy.  Red-woocl  or  Nicara- 
gua may  be  mixt  together  er  used  separately,  just 
afi  the  dyer  thinks  fttaitd  pvo^ei*.  I  couevmonly  ttse 
both  together. 

^^th.  CRIMSO.y  RED  WITH  RED-WOOD. 
TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eiglit  pounds  of 
red  woQd,  b^il  well,  bmt  not  fust,  one  hour,  tli;;n  add 


DYER^S  COMPANiOK. 


35 


^ijijf  a  pound  of  allum^  run  your  dotk  three  quiu> 
ters  of  an  hour,  air  and  let  the  xlyp  simmer  in  the 
same  manner  as  before  j  add  a  liltk  allum  and  run 
your  cloth,  ^nd  manage  in  this  form  till  theiStrength 
is  well  out  of  the  dye  ;  then  add  half  a  pound  of 
pearl-ash,  and  handle  till  yqur  colour  pleases. 

The  dyes  for  red,  that  are  made  of  red-wood 
and  Nicaragua,  must  not  be  hurried  and  drove,  nor 
crowded  too  full,  because  it  ^ill  destroy  the  lustre 
of  the  red,  and  the  colour  will  be  dull.  It  is  neces-p 
sai^y  the  copper  and  ail  the  utensils  should  be  clean, 

-19//;.  FOR  RED,  WITH  MADDER. 

y 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take.one  peck  of  wheat 
bran,  boil  it  in  a  small  kettle  with  eight  gallons  of 
water,  one  hour  ;  tlien  nil  your  copper  with  water, 
boiling  hot  ;  then  add  the  liquor  of  the  bran,  and 
three  and  an  half  pounds  ef  alluni,  one  pound  of  red 
argal,  boil  and  run  your  cloth,  (being  well  scoured 
and  clean)  one  and  an  half  hours,  boiling:  ;  then  air 
and  rince  your  cloth,  and  shift  the  liquor  from  your 
copper  ;  fill  with  fair  water,  then  add  eight  pounds 
of  madder  that  is  good,  and  heat  moderately,  with 
constant  stirring,  til'  near  scalding  hot  ;  run  your 
cloth  three  quarters  of  an  hour  with  arp^oderatefire, 
then  increase  your  fire^  and  bring  it  near  a  boiling 


36 


dyer's  companion. 


heatj  but  not  boilings  for  the  madder  must  not  boil, 
if  you  intend  to  have  a  good  red  ;  then  run  your 
cloth  in  this  manner  until  the  strength  is  well  out 
of  the  madder,  and  the  colour  well  raised  on  the 
red  ;  then  shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper  ;  fill 
^\  ith  water,  and  add  two  and  an  half  pounds  of  the 
best  Brazilj  boil  well  one  hour,  and  add  three  quar- 
ters of  a  pound  of  allum  and  run  your  cloth  till  your 
coloui  suits,  boiling  between  each  dipping  ;  and  this 
will  produce  a  good  red. 

This  colour  may  be  finished  in  the  madder  dye 
without  shifting  the  dye,  by  adding  two  gallons  of 
lant  or  sig.  After  the  colour  is  well  raised  in  the 
madder,  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  and  it  will 
answer. 

The  be^t  is  with  Brazil,  but  it  is  more  lengthy, 
and  the  colour  is  brighter  than  with  the  sig  ;  so  J. 
leave  it  to  the  discretion  of  the  dyer. 

SOtk,  FOR  MERROOJSr  RED. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  quarts  of 
wheat  bran,  wet  with  vinegar,  let  it  stand  twelve 
hours,  and  sour ;  put  it  in  a  bag,  fill  your  copper 
with  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  and  boil  the  pudding 
\:.No  hours  ;  then  take  it  out  and  let  it  drain  j  squepz^ 


PYER^S  COMPANIOIf. 


IHS  dry  as  you  can  conveniently  ;  then  add  one  and 
»n  half  pounds  of  allum,  and  half  a  pound  of  red 
argal  made  fine,  run  your  cloth  one  hour  boiling, 
air  and  let  it  he  all  night  and  sour  ;  then  rince  your 
cloth,  shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper,  and  fill  it 
Vfiih  fair  water  ;  when  M'arm,  add  ten  pounds  ©f 
good  madder  and  four  quarts  of  wheat  bran,  con- 
stantly stirring  until  it  is  near  boiling,  but  not 
boiling,  for  madder  must  not  boil  ;  run  your  cloth 
and  manage  in  this  manner  till  the  strength  is  well 
©ut  of  the  dye,  and  the  red  well  raised,  then  add 
one  gallon  of  lant  or  sig,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

3Ut.  FOR  P  OLISHED  RED  WITH  MADDER. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  and  an  half 
pounds  of  nutgalls  pulverised,  put  them  in  the  cop- 
per, and  fill  the  copper  about  half  full  of  water,  put 
the  galls  in,  let  it  boil  till  the  strength  is  well  out  ; 
then  fill  the  copper  with  cold  water  ;  see  that  your 
dye  is  not  hotter  than  scalding  hot ;  then  add  fiv^, 
six,  or  seven  pounds  of  the  best  madder,  in  pro- 
portion to  the  shade  required  ;  let  it  simmer  with 
a  small  fire  one  hour,  with  frequent  stirring  ;  then 
run  your  cloth  thirty  mmutes,  air  and  run  again 
with  the  heat  increasing  ;  run  till  the  strength  is 
well  out  of  the  dye,  and  the  colour  well  raised  on 
D 


5S  DYER*S  COMPANION. 

the  red.  Tlie  dye  must  steep  between  each  pip- 
ping, fifteen  or  twenty  minutes,  with  the  heat  in- 
creasing-, but  not  boiling,  for  it  will  destroy  the 
substance  ©f  the  madder  to  let  it  boil.  If  your  co- 
lour is  not  dark  enough,  add  a  little  pot-ashes  or 
pearl-ashes,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases  ; 
find  you  v;ili  have  a  fine  pohshed  red. 

32./.  FOR  PORTABLE  RED, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  pound  of  fus- 
tlck,  and  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  allum,  fill 
your  copper  w^ith  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  run  your 
elothj  after  the  strength  is  out  of  the  fustick,  run 
three  quarters  of  an  hour  ;  shift  your  copper,  fill 
with  fair  water,  and  then  add  six  pounds  of  red- 
wood, let  it  boil  moderately  one  hour,  then  add 
three  quarters  of  a  pounc]  of  allum,  run  your  cloth 
40  minutes  ;  then  air,  and  let  the  dye  simmer  one 
'and  an  half  hours,  and  run  your  cloth  as  before  ; 
then  air  and  take  out  the  chips,  and  add  one  and  an 
half  ounces  of  cochineal,  and  three  ounces  of  aqua 
fortis  ;  run  again  with  the  dye  boiling,  40  minutes  ; 
to  bloom,  take  six  or  eight  ounces  of  spirits  of  sal 
jarmoniac,  or  good  old  sig  ;  and  your  cloth  will  be  ^ 
gogd  colour  by  handling  in  this  half  an  hour. 


byer's  companion. 


33cL  FOR  CLJEET  RED, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  pciincts  of 
fustick  chips,  fill  your  copper  with  water,  boil  well, 
then  add  one  pound  of  allum,  boil,  run  your  cloth 
one  hour  boiling,  then  air,  rince,  and  shift  yolU* 
copper  ;  fill  with  fair  water,  add  eight  pounds  of 
red-wood,  boil  well,  and  add  half  a  pound  of  allum  ; 
run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  air,  let  the  dye  steep 
one  hour,  and  run  again,  adding  a  little  allum  ; 
manage  in  this  manner  until  the  strength  is  well  out 
of  the  dye,  and  the  colour  well  raised  on  the  red  ; 
then  add  two  ounces  of  aqua  fortis,  killed  with  pew- 
ter or  Block  tin,  as  described  in  receipt  18th,  rim 
your  cloth  thirty  ipiimtes  with  the  dye  boiling  ;  then 
add  two  gallons  of  sig  to  bloom,  handle  till  your  co- 
lour pleases,  and  you  will  have  a  fine  claret  red» 

 ^  

FOR  CLARE1\ 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  twelve  pounds 
of  barwood,  boil  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  al- 
lum, run  your  cloth  until  the  strength  is  well  out  of 
the  dye,  about  thirty  minutes  to  a  dipping,  boiling 
between  each  dipping  as  much  as  is  necessary  to 
get  the  strength  out  of  the  barwood  :  when  the  co- 
lour is  well  raised  on  the  red,  then  add  a  quarter  of 
^  pound  of  logwood,  a«id  a  quarter  ©f  a  pound  of 


»VER*S  COMPAJ^ION* 


copperas  mixed  together,  and  handle  until  your  co>^ 
lour  pleases. 


FOR  MADDER  RED  TO  BE  DYED  A 


TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  pound  of 
logwood,  fill  with  fair  water,  boil  well,  run  your 
cloth,  and  sadden  with  copperas  until  your  colour 
pleases. 


FOR  SCARLET  TO  BE  DYED  GLA- 
RET  OR  AJVY  DARK  COLOUR. 

To  colour  twenty  yards  of  cloth  ;  fill  your  cop- 
per with  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  add  one  pound 
of  copperas  ;  run  your  cloth,  air,  and  run  it  again  ; 
then  shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper,  rince  it, 
and  fill  with  v/ater ;  then  add  one  and  an  half  pounds 
of  logwood,  boil  well  twenty  minutes,  then  run  your 
cloth  till  your  colour  pleases  ;  and  you  will  have  a 
fi:ne  claret  that  is  durable. 

This  is  the  only  way  that  scarlet  can  be  coloured 
a  darker  colour.  By  running  it  in  the  copperas  wa- 
ter first,  you  may  dye  it  almost  any  dark  colour  you 
please  \  for  the  copperas  will  destroy  all  the  acidous 


CLARET. 


dyer's  COMPiTIJION. 


41  * 


flower  that  the  scarlet  is  made  by  and  depends  up- 
on ;  but  until  the  power  of  the  acid  is  destroyed, 
you  cannot  strike  any  colour  through,  so  but  that  it 
will  remain  red  in  the  middle  of  the  cloth. 

I  have  coloured  scarlet  blact  completely  through, 
and  almost  all  other  dark  colours,  by  the  help  of 
copperas. 

57^//.  FOR  CHERRY  COLOUR. 

TO  |:wenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  seven  and  an  half 
pounds  of  Barvvood,  boil  well,  and  add  a  quarter  of 
a  pound  of  allam  :  then  run  your  cloth  one  hour  : 
an-  and  add  two  pounds  of  Brazil,  and  boil  till  the 
strength  is  well  out ;  run  your  cloth  again  as  before 
till  the  colour  is  well  raised  on  the  red,  then  add  two 
quarts  of  sig  or  lant,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases, 

4. 

FOR  VIOLET  COLOURS. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
Brazil,  and  one  and  a  quarter  pounds  of  log-wood  ; 
boil  well,  and  add  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  al» 
lum,  then  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  ^r,  aii^ 

Da 


42 


let  it  Steep  till  the  strength  is  well  out  ;  then  iim 
again  as  before,  then  add  three  quarts  of  lantor  sig, 
with  the  dye  hot  and  well  mixed  together  ;  run  your 
clotk,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

Twenty  shades  of  violet  colour  may  be  produced, 
by  varyiU;^  the  logv/ood  and  brazillctto.  The  fur- 
ther management  of  this  dye,  I  have  left  to  the  fan- 
cy of  the  dyer,  for  the  colour  will  be  beautiful,  al- 
most equal  to  cochineal  aiul  iixli^-v). 

You  rnay  use  peach-wood  in  part,  instecid  of  all 
brazilletto,  if  you  like.  It  will  be  less  expensive 
than  all  brazilletto  j  but  this  I  leave  to  yoi^r  own 
cboice. 

39//^.  FOR  PLYK  COLOUR, 

For  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  fill  your  copper  with 
fair  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  add  two  pounds  of 
allum,  and  one  pound  of  argal  ;  in  this  boil  and  run 
your  cloth  one  hour,  then  a  i%  rince  and  shift  your 
copper  ;  fill  with  water,  and  add  two  pounds  of 
madder.  Let  it  heat  moderately,  with  often  stir- 
ring, till  neai'boihng  hot,  run  your  cloth  one  hour  j 
and  you  will  have  a  good  coloiu'  of  the  kindt 


40ch.  FOR  FLESH  COLOUR, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  and  an  half 
bushels  of  blrxk  birch,  and  half  a  bushel  of  hemlock 
bark,  boil  well  till  the  strength  is  well  out  ;  then 
add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth 
one  hour,  and  handle,  and  you  will  have  a  goed  co- 
lour of  the  kind. 

 ^  

4Ut.  FOR  ORA.\GE  COLOUR, 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  3  ounces  of  arg-al,  and  half  a  pound  of 
allum,  boil  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  fus- 
tick, then  run  your  cloth,  with  the  dye  boiling,  one 
hour  ;  then  air,  rince,  and  shift  the  liquor  from 
your  copper,  and  fill  with  fair  water  ;  then  add  two 
and  three  quarters  pounds  of  red-wood,  two  and 
three  quarters  pounds  of  madder,  three  quarters  of 
a  pound  of  allum,  and  two  ounces  of  aqua  fortis  ; 
let  it  boil  moderately,  with  often  stirring,  till  the 
strength  is  well  out ;  then  run  your  cloth  one  hour  ; 
then  add  one  and  an  half  ounces  of  arsenick,  and 
half  an  ounce  of  cochineal,  and  tliis  will  bind  the  co- 
lour. In  this  run  and  handle  till  your  coloup 
pleases* 


44 


DYKH'S  COMPANION 


42d  FOR  ORAJ^'^GE. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  of 
fustick,  and  four  pounds  of  red-wood,  and  boil  well ; 
then  add  half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  thir- 
ty or  forty  minutes,  then  air,  and  let  the  dye  steep 
a  while,  then  run  again  till  the  strength  is  well  out 
of  the  dye  ;  then  add  one  gallon  of  sig  to  bind  ;  and 
handle  till  your  colour  suits^ 

.  41  

AU.  FOR  BROWJSr. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  bushels  of 
butternut  bark,  fill  with  water,  heat  moderately, 
let  it  steep,  (but  not  boiling)  till  the  strength  is  well 
out  of  the  bark  ;  then  run  your  cloth  three  quarters 
of  an  hour  ;  and  air  and  run  again  with  the  dye  hot, 
but  not  boiling,  (for  boiling  the  bark  deatroys  part 
of  the  lustre  of  the  colour  which  the  bark  gives)  but 
run  in  this  manner  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of 
the  dye,  then  air  and  take  the  bark  out  of  your  dye  ; 
then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  copperas  and  two 
quarts  of  sig,  and  mix  the  dye  well  together ;  run 
your  cloth  with  your  dye  boiling  fifteen  or  twenty 
minutes,  and  handle  in  this  mamier  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

Various  shades  may  be  produced  in  this  dye^  by 


DTER^S  COMPANION. 


rarying  the  bark  and  copperas  ;  sometimes  more 
of  one  sort,  and  sometimes  less  ;  and  thus  by 
changing  the  order  of  them,  different  shades  will 
appear.  Dry  bark  and  green  will  make  a  different 
shade  ;  boiling  and  not  boiling  will  have  the  same 
effect.  Thug  I  leave  it  to  the  discretion  of  the  dy- 
er, to  vary  them  as  he  or  she  pleases^  to  answer 
the  shade  or  shades  required. 



I'OR  LOJVBOJSr  BROWJSr  OR  CORBEAU 
WITH  CJMWOOD. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  five  pounds  of 
good  ground  camwood,  fill  your  copper  with  fair 
water,  heat  boiling  hot,  let  your  camwood  boil  a 
few  minutes,  then  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes  ; 
air  and  run  again  in  the  same  manner  as  before  ; 
air  and  add  half  an  ounce  of  blue  vitriol,  and  a  quar- 
ter of  pound  of  oil  of  vitriol,*  boil  well  five  or  six 
minutes,  then  run  your  cloth  twenty  or  thirty  min- 


*  When  oil  of  vitriol  is  applied  to  any  hot  liquor, 
you  must  before  you  put  it  in  the  dye,  put  seven 
eighths  of  cold  water  to  it,  and  then  it  will  heat  near 
boiling  hot  with  the  cold  water  ;  but  if  you  put  in 
otherwise,  it  will  make  the  hot  liquor  fly  in  a  shock- 
ing manner,  and  the  dyer  will  be  in  danger  of  be* 
ing  scalded. 


BYEH's  COMPANIOtI, 


wtes  more  ;  then  take  one  pound  of  copperas  dis*' 
solved  -in  vinegar  by  constant  stirring  on  the  fire, 
(but  be  sure  and  not  let  it  boilt  for  it  will  spoil  the 
dye)  then  add. the  copperas  by  Utile  and  little,  the 
dye  boiling,  and  run  as  before,  and  handle  till  your 
colour  pleases.  If  it  is  not  dark  enough  for  the  cor- 
heau,  take  two  ounces  of  Verdigrease  made  fine,  and 
dissolv>.d  in  sig  or  vinegar  on  the  fire,  by  often  stir- 
ring, as  described  in  receipt  4th  ;  add  this  with 
one  pound  of  logwood  chips  ;  boil  well,  and  handle 
in  this  numner  till  your  colour  suits.  Sometinnes 
it  is  required  to  be  very  dark,  then  these  darkening 
tnaterials  must  be  applied  according  to  the  judg- 
•ment  of  the  dyer,  Sec, 

45ih.  FOR  LO.YDO:^/BnOWjYOB  CORBEAV^ 
WITH  mCARAG  UA. 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  of 
Nicaragua,  and  half  a  pound  bf  fustick  ;  boil  well, 
and  add  half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  till^ 
the  strength  is  v/e'l  out  of  the  dye,  and  the  colour 
nfell  raised  dn  the  red,  then  add  half  an  ounce  of 
blue  vitriol,  and  half  a  gill  of  oil  of  vitriol,  and  four 
quarts  of  sig,  run  your  cloth  50  minutes  ;  then  adol 
half  a  pound  of  logwood,  boil  well,  add  one  ounce  of 
verdigrease,  pulverised  and  dissolved,  as  in  receipt 
No.  4,  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes  ;  then  add 


eopperas  by  little  and  little  to  sadden  ;  and  handle 
till  your  colour  .pleases. 


Am.  LOA'DOJSr  BRGW^   OR  CORBEAU 
WITH  RED-nOOD. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  boil  well,  and  add  one  povmd  of  al- 
lum,  run  your  cloth  boiling. three  quarters,  of  iin 
hour  ;  air  and  rince,  and  shift  your  copper,  then 
fill  with  water,  and  add  ten  pounds  of  red-wood 
chips  ;  let  it  boil  moderately  one  hour  ;  then  add 
half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  forty  minutes, 
air,  and  let  the  dye  steep  one  hour,  and  run  again 
as  before  ;  and  handle  in  this  rnanner  till  you  have  a 
good  red  ;  (you  must  be  cautious  not  to  drive  the 
dye  too  fast,  and  add  a  little  allum  now  and  then  if 
necessary)  and  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the 
^ye  :  then  add  one  gallon  of  sig  or  urine,  run  your 
cloth  half  an  hour,  then  add  one  and  an  half  pounds 
of  logwood  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  two  ounces  c^f 
Terdigrease  made  fine  and  dissolved  in  one  pint  of 
vinegar,  as  described  before,  and  handle  till  your  cq- 
Jour  pleases. 


45  DTEa's  coMPAjriOJi. 

A7th,  LOKDOJ^  BROWJf. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  pounds  of 
fustick  and  seven  pounds  of  red- wood  chips,  boil 
moderately  one  hour,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  al-* 
lum,  run  your  cloth  three  quarters  of  an  hour, 
then  slacken  the  heat  of  your  dye,  and  add  three 
pounds  of  Hiadder  ;  let  it  stand  and  simmer  with  of- 
ten stirring  half  an  hour,  run  your  cloth  one  hour, 
and  if  the  strength  is  not  out  of  the  dye,  run  again* 
The  cloth  must  be  a  good  red  before  you  sadden  ; 
then  add  copperas  to  sadden  with  by  little  and  little, 
till  your  colour  suits. 


FOR  LOJSrnOJ^  BROWA^ 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of 
allum  ;  then  run  your  cloth  one  hour  boihng,  then 
air  and  rince,  and  shift  your  copper,  and  fill  with 
fair  water  ;  then  add  six  pounds  of  red^-wood  chips, 
boil  well,  add  half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth 
one  hour,  then  add  one  and  an  half  pounds  of  mad- 
der, let  it  simmer  half  an  hour,  then  run  your  cloth 
one  hour,  then  add  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of 
logwood  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  two  gallons  of 
sig ;  then  run  your  cloth  and  handle  till  your  co- 
lour pleases. 


dyer's  companiok.       f       ,  49 


mh.  FOR  REDDISH  BROWM 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one^and  an  half 
pounds  of  fustick,  boil  well,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  allum,  in  which  run  your  cloth  one  hour 
boiling  ;  air  and  rlncc  your  cloth,  shift  your  hquor 
from  your  copper,  and  fill  with  fair  water,  then  add 
nine  pounds  of  red-wood  ;  let  it  boil  well,  then  add 
half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then 
add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  pearl-ashes  and  ?iquar- 
tej:*  of  a  pound  of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  half  jan  hour, 
and  this  will  be  a  good  red  j  then  add  one  oimee  of 
arsenick  and  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  argal ;  run  your 
cloth  three  quarters  of  an  hour,  then  add  two  g^al- 
lons  of  good  old  sig,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases,  and  you  will  have  a  fine  colour, 

SWu  FOR  SPAJVISH  BROTV^\ 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  bushel  of 
butttrnut  bark,  and  one  bushel  of  walnut  bark,  boil 
well,  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  take  the  bark 
out  of  the  dye,  and  add  half  a  pound  of  copperas  ; 
run  your  cloth  forty  minutes  ;  then  air  and  rince, 
and  shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper  ;  fill  ^  with 
lair  water,  and  add  two  pounds  of  fustick  chips  ; 
boil  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your 
cloth  one  hour,  and  air  and  rince,  and  sliift  vour  11- 

E 


5i 


DYEli*S  "COMPANION. 


quor  from  youf  copper,  fill  with  fair  water,  and  add 
cigbt  pounds  of  red-wood  ;  boil  well  and  add  half 
a  pound  of  alium,  run  your  cloth  one  hour  ;  then 
add  two  ouhces  of  oil  of  vitriol,  killed  with  the  flow* 
^r  of  brimstone  ;  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour  ; 
tlien  add  half  a  pound  of  logwood,  and  boil  well, 
then  add  two  gallons  of  good  old  sig  ;  and  handle 
till  your  colour  pleases. 


515^.  FOR  LOA'DO.y  SMOKE. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take^eight  poutids  ©f 
fustick  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound 
of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour,  then  add  one 
and  iin  half  bushels  of  good  butternut  bark,  boil  mo- 
derately till  the  strength  is  well.out,  then  run  your 
cloth  one  hour  with  the  dye  hot ;  then  if  the  strength 
is  well  out  of  the  dye,  take  the  bark  and  chips  out  of 
the  dye,  and  add  three  pounds  of  Nicaragua  wood, 
or  red-wood,  and  one  and  an  half  pounds  of  logwood 
chips,  boil  well  thirty  minutes  ;  then  run  your  cloth 
'one  hour,  then  add  one  gallon  of  sig,  run  twenty 
minutes  with  the  dye  boiling,  then  add  one  and  an 
half  or  two  pounds  of  copperas,  and  run  to  your 
liking  ;  and  thi$  will  be  ^  colour  equal  to  a  blu^  for 
strength,  Sep, 


DYER-S  COMPANION. 


.^1 


5^c/.  CIjYjYJMOA  B'RQWJSr. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds 
iustick,  and  three  pounds  of  red-wood  chips^  or  Ni- 
caragua, boil  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  allum  ; 
run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  slack  the  heat  of  your 
dye,  and  add  four  pounds  of  good  madder  ;  let  ft 
simmer  half  an  hour  ;  then  add  half  a  pound  of  al- 
lum,  run  your  cloth  one  hour  then  add  tv/o  ounc- 
es of  copperas,  and  two  gallons  of  siiy  ;  and  handle 
with  the  dye  hot,  till  your  colour  pleases. 

53^/.  FOR  SMOKE  BROWjY. 

TO  tv/enty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  pounds  of  fus* 
tick  chips,  and  three  pounds  of  g-round  camwood, 
boil  well  till  the  strength  is  well  out ;  then  run 
your  cloth  one  hour,  then  add  three  and  an  half 
pounds  of  coarse  madder  ;  let  it  simmer  twenty 
minutes  ;  then  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour^  then 
add  half  a  pound  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your 
colour  pleases. 

54r/j.  FOR  LIVER  BROWA^. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  ot 
fustick  chips,and  two  pounds  of  red-wood  chips,boil 


dyer's  companion. 


well  one  hour,  and  run  your  cloth  forty  "minutes  ; 
then  add  four  pounds  of  mull,  or  coarse  madder5and 
two  quarts  of  rotton  wood  of  qak,  boil  moderately, 
and  run  your  cloth  one  hour  ;  then  add  six  or  eight 
ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases, 

mh.  FOR  OLIVE  BROTVM 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  five  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  one  hour, 
then  add  one  bushel  of  butternut  bark  ;  boil  well, 
but  moderately,  one  hour  ;  then  run  your  cloth  one 
hour,  or  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye  ; 
then  take  the  bark  and  chips  out  of  the  dye,  and  add 
six  ounces  of, copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

56th.  FOR  OLIVE  BROWM 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  pounds  of  fus- 
tic chips,  and  one  pound  of  logwood,  boil  well,  and 
run  your  cloth  half  an  hour  ;  then  add  one  pound  of 
madder,  let  it  simmer  half  an  hour,  then  run  your 
cloth  as  before  ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of 
chymick  or  blueing,  stir  and  mix  it  Yveli  with  the 


DYEP/S   COMPANION*  5$ 

dye,  and  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes  ;  then  add 
one  and  an  half  pounds  of  logwood,  and  one  gallon 
cfsig-;  run  your  cloth  as  before,  add  six  ounces  of 
copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

57t/i.  FOR  OLIVli  BROIVjW 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,,  take  se\'en  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  logwood, 
and  half  a  pound  of  nicidder  ;  boil  well  one  hour, 
then  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  add  half  a  pound 
of  chymick  or  blueing,  and  run  your  cloth  twenty 
minutes  ;  then  add  two  quarts  of  si[c,  ai}d  run  again 
as  before  ;  then  add  two  ounces  of  copperas,  and 
handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

_4, — 

58^//.  FOR  A  LIGHT  SKUFF  BROWM 

TO  fwenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  and  four  pounds  of  redwood  or  Nica* 
ragua  ;  boil  well  an  hour  and  a  half,  then  add  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  thirty 
minutes,  then  air  and  run  a%ain  till  the  strength  is 
well  out  of  the  dye  ;  then  add  one  gallon  of  sig,  run 
your  cloth  half  an  hour,  then  take  one  peck  of  soot 
scraped  from  the  chimney,  put  it  into  a  tub;  and  put 
E  2 


54 


two  paiis  full  of  your  djQ  to  it  stir  it  well  togetlieiV 
aiKl  let  it  stand  -and  settle  ;  then  pour  off  the  hquor 
moderately,  and  add  it  to  your  dye  ;  run  your  ciotb. 
and  handle  till  your  colour  buits.  ., 

 4  ' 

59th.  FOR  S^rUFF  BROWJV*. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  and  boil  well  ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  allum,  and  run  your  clotii  ludf  an  lunir  ; 
lidd  live  potmds  of  redwood,  boil  Well,  and  then  add 
iialf  a  pound  of  ailum  ;  run  your  cloth  as  before  till 
the  strength  isv/ell  out  of  your  dye,  then  add  a  quar- 
ter of  a  pound  of  argal,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pksses. 

—4, — 

mUu  FOR  DARK  S.YUFF  BROWM 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  pounds  of  fus- 
tick chips,  and  boil  well,  then  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  add 
two  pounds  of  ground  camwood,  and  one  and  an 
half  pounds  of  madder^  and  let  it  snumer  half  aa 
hour  ;  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  add  half  a 
pound  of  copperas,  or  more,  if  the  colour  is  not  di^rk 
enough  J  and  liandletill  your  colour  pleases* 


6Ut.  FOR  S.^UFF  BROWA: 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  quarters  of 
bushel  of  butternut  bark,  and  three  quarters  of  u 
bushel  of  walnut  bark,  boil  well  one  hour,  but  n\o- 
tlerately  ;  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  if  the 
strength  is  well  out  of  the  bark  and  dye^  take  the 
bark  out  of  tiie  dye,  and  add  one  pound  of  copperas 
to  sadden  with  ;  run  your  cloth  three  quarters  of 
an  hour,  air  and  rince  your  cloth  and  shift  your  li- 
quor from  your  copper,  wash  clean  and  fill  withiair 
water  ;  then  add  four  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  boil 
-well,  and  thtn  add  half  a  pound  of  aliuni  5  run  youy 
doth  half  an  hour  ;  then  add  five  pounds  of  redwood 
chips,  boil  one  hour,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound 
of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  three  quarters  of  an  hour; 
let  it  steep,  and  run,  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of 
the  dye.  To  sadden,  take  one  gallon  of  sigj  and 
handle.  Sec 

 4.  

62c/-  FOR  SAUFF  JBROWA. 

TO  twenty  yarda  of  cloth,  talve  one  pound  6f  al- 
lum, boil,  and  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  then  shift 
your  liquoi^  from  your  copper,  and  fill  with  fair  wa- 
ter ;  then  add  five  pounds  of  fustick,  boil  well  till 
the  strength  is  well  out,  then  run  your  cloth  thirty 
nimutes  ,  thcu  ^dd  one  bu&hclof  butternut  bark; 


DtER^'s  COMPANIOJr. 


and  five  pounds  of  sumac  berries,  boil  moderate!}' 
one  hour,  and  then  run  your  cloth  forty  minutes  ; 
then  add  six  ounces  of  aqua  fortis^  killed  with  pew- 
ter, as  described  before  in  receipt  No.  18  ;  run  your 
cloth  with  the  dye  boiling  one  hour,  and  the  colour 
will  be  done. 

. — 4» — 

63cf.  FOR  SJ^UFF  BROWA. 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  boil  well,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound 
of  allum  ;  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  then  add 
four  pounds  of  redwood  chips  or  two  pounds  of 
ground  camwood  ;  boil  well,  and  run  your  cloth  till 
the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye  ;  then  add  cne 
gallon  of  sig,  a  quartev  df  a  pound  of  logwood,  awd 
an  ounce  of  verdigrease,  prepared  as  in  receipt  4th  ; 
boil  well,  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes,  then  add 
two  ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases, 

'  ^  

64th.  FOR  SAUFF  JBROWM 

To  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  eight  and  an  half 
pounds  of  fustick  chips,  four  pounds  of  coarse  mad- 
der;  and  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  logwood  i 


byek's  companion.  57 


boil  well  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye-wood, 
but  not  fast  ;  or  the  madder  may  be  omitted  till  the 
strength  is  boiled  out  of  the  logwood  and  fustick,  ^ind 
then  let  it  simmer  a  short  time  ;  then  add  six  oun- 
ces of  allum,  run  your  cloth  one  hour,  air,  and  run 
again,  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye  ;  then 
add  half  a  pound  of  copperas  to  sadden,  or  more  if 
it  is  not  dark  enough;  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

65r/2.  FOR  BJT'JVIJVG  BROWAf. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  and  an  half 
pounds  of  fustick,  ^nd  four  pounds  of  good  logwood, 
boil  well,  and  then  add  one  and  an  half  pounds  of 
good  madder,  and  six  ounces  of  allum  ;  let  it  sim- 
mer half  an  hour,  then  run  your  cloth  one  hour  ; 
add  eight  or  ten  ounces  of  copperas,  and  one  quait 
of  lant,  then  run  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

If  you  wish  tO  alter  the  shade  of  this  colour,  you 
may  add  five  or  six  pounds  of  logwood,  and  less  fus- 
tic, and  you  may  have  the  colour  to  suit  your 
fancy. 


S8  BTER*S  COMPA!TIO!C. 


mil.  FOR  SLATE  BROWA^ 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  bushel  of  buL=* 
terniit birk,  boil  vrell  and  run  your  cloth  one  hour; 
then  take  out  the  bark,  and  add  half  a  pound  of  cop- 
peri\s  ;  run  t\renty  niinutcs,  ah^  and  run  agahi,  and 
add  more  copperas  if  it  is  not  dark  enough  ;  for  it 
requires  to  be  very  dark.  When  dark  enough,  shift 
your  copper,  scour  clean,  and  rincc  your  cloth  \ 
fill  with  fair  water,  heat  hot,  then  add  three  euhces 
of  compound  or  blueing'  ;  run  your  cloth  twenty  mi- 
nutes, air,  and  if  your  colour  is  not  blue  enough, 
add  a  little  more  blueing-  ;  and  if  it  is  not  dark  e- 
nough,  and  the  colour  grows  lighter,  then  add  four 
«r  six  ounces  of  logwood,  and  one  ounce  of  blue  vit* 
riol  ;  and  iiandle  till  it  suits  your  fancy*  ' 

trth.  FOR  DOVE  OR  LEAD  J3R0JVA. 

.  TO  twenty  yards  cf  cloth,  take  telfa  pound  cxf 
chcsnut  or  maple  bark,  and  two  ounces  of  logwood, 
.boil  well,  then  add. two  ounces  of  copperas,  and  a 
little  coinpound  or  blueing,  (say  half  an,  ounce)  and 
stir  your  dye  \vell  together  ;  run  your  cloth  twenljr 
minutes  ;  then  if  you  find  yoiir  colour  wants  alter- 
ing^ it  may  be  done  by  varying  thur.  ;™Tf  it  is  not 
dark  enough,  add  a  liliie  mere  ccppcras — -if  not 
blue  :^i.ough;  add  a  little  mor<^  blueici^ — if  not  bright 


dyer's  companion. 


59 


enough,  add  a  little  rhore  logwood  ;  run  again,  and 
if  it  requires  nothing,  your  colour  will  be  finished. 
Silk  may  be  dyed  in  this. 


em.  FOR  PEARL  OR  SILVER  GREY^ 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  four  quarts  of 
wheat  bran,  put  it  in  a  bag,  and  iill  your  copper 
with  fair  water,  and  boil  the  pudding  an  hour  and  a 
half  ;  then  take  it  out,  let  it  drain,  ^nd  squeeze  it  as 
dry  as  you  can  ;  then  add  two  ounces  of  alliim,  let 
it  boil,  and  skim  off  the  scum  that  will  rise,  then  run 
your  cloth  one  hour  ;  add  four  povmds  of  logwco4 
chips,  put  them  in  a  bag,  and  boil  well  till  the 
strength  is  well  out,  then  take  the  bag  of  logwood 
out  of  the  dye,  if  you  do  not,  it  will  spot  the  cloth  ; 
run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  then  add  half  an 
ounce  of  blue  vitriol>  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

It  requires  care  wiVh  this  colour,  as  well  as  all 
<>ther  light  colours,  that  you  do  not  let  the  cloth 
touch  any  thing  that  will  spot  it,  for  there,  is  not 
much,  if  any,  remedy  for  a  light  colour  when  spot* 
ted  ;  and  all  light  colours  should  be  dried  with  the 
backside  to  the  svm  ;  for  the  sun  is  apt  to  injure  Xh% 
foiour. 


69 


oyer's  companion. 


69th.  FOR  LIGHT  BROWJ^. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  half  a  peck  of 
licmlock  bark,  with  the  sap  taken  off,  and  two  oun- 
ces of  logwood  chipL,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  twen- 
ty minutes,  then  add  two  ounces  of  copperas,  and 
handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

 #  

rm.  FOR  ASHBROWJ^. 

TO  tv/enty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  quarts  of 
white  ash  bail;,  three  ounces  of  logwood  cliips,  boil 
well,  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes  :  then  add 
three  ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

rut.   FORJDRJB  BROWA. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  a  half  peck  of 
chesnut  or  maple  bark,  green  or  dry,  two  pounds  of 
fustick  chips,  and  tv,^o  ounces  of  logv/ood  chips  : 
boil  well,  then  add  one  ©unce  cf  compound  of  blue- 
'ing,  run  your  cloth  twenty  irrlnutes  :  then  add  two 
ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 


^YEK's  COMPANIOir, 


72d.   FOR  DRAB. 


TAKE  chesnut,  black  birch,  and  yelloW  oak 
bark,  half  a  peck  of  each,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth, 
then  add  theee  ounces  of  copperas  ;  and  handle  till 


TAKE  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  nutgalls,  tTciade 
fine,  then  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  fustick,  boil 
well,  run  your  cloth ;  then  add  one  half  an  ounce  of 
blue  vitriol,  two  ounces  of  copperas  ;  run  your  cloth 
fifteen  minutes,  then  add  half  a  jill  of  oil  of  vitriol 
and  one  ounce  of  blueing,  and  stir  it  well  with  the 
dye,  run  your  cloth,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
suits. 


TAKE  six  ounces  cf  nutgalls,  pulverised,  three 
ounces  of  the  flour  of  brimstone,  four  ounces  of  al- 
lum — put  them  in  fair  water,  run  your  cloth  one 
hour  ;  then  sadden  with  black  float,  and  handle  till 
your  colour  suits* 


your  colour  pleases. 


*7M.   FOR  DRAB. 


Uth.   FOR  DRAB. 


E 


62 


bier's  companion. 


75t1u    FOE  DRAB. 

TAKE  one  and  an  half  pounds  of  fiistick,  one 
pound  of  logwood,  one  quart  of  rotten  wood  of  oak, 
boil  well,  then  add  one  half  pound  of  madder,  and 
four  ounces  of  allum,  boil,  run  your  cloth  twenty 
minutes  ;  then  add  three  ounces  of  copperas  and 
one  quart  of  sig,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases, 


7^t1u  DRAB. 


TAKE  one  and  an  hapbpounds  of  fustick  chips, 
six  ounces  of  logwood,  boil  well  ;  then  add  one 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  thirty 
minutes  ;  then  add  three  ounces  of  copperas,  and 
handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 


77tlu    FOR  FOREST  CLOTH. 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  six  ounces  of 
logwood,  boil  well,  then  add  seven  ounces  of  chym- 
ick,  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes  ;  then  add  three 
ounces  of  good  madder,  two  ounces  of  red  tartar, 
made  fine- — let  it  simmer  fifteen  minutes,  and  run 
your  cloth  twenty  minutes  :  then  add  one  gallon  of 
^  sig,  or  lant,  and  thirty  ounces  of  copperas,  and  han- 
dle till  your  colour  pleases. 


byek's  companion? 


63 


rm.    FOR  LIVER  DRJB. 

TAKE  one  pound  of  fustick  chips,  three  pounds 
of  rotten  wood  of  oak,  three  ounces  of  bav>Yood,  two 
ounces  of  logwood  chips,  one  pound  of  madder, 
boil  well,  run  your  clotn  twenty  mirjutes  ;  then  add 
six  ounces  of  filings  of  iron,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth 
fifteen  minutes  :  then  add  six  ounces  of  logwood, 
and  five  ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  co- 
lour pleases. 

79th.   FOR  LIGHT  LIVER  DRAB. 

TAKE  two  ounces  of  blue  galls,  one  ounce  of 
logwood}  two  ounces  of  allum,  one  ounce  of  cream 
of  tartar,  and  two  ounces  of  madder  :  run  your 
cloth  fifteen  minutes,  then  add  one  ounce  of  coppe- 
ras, and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases.  " 

 4^- — * 

%OtK    FOR  J  MJDDER  DRJB. 

TAKE  three  pounds  of  good  madder,  one  poifa4 
©f  fustick,  let  it  simmer  one  hour  ;  then  add  two 
ounces  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour  ;  then 
add  one  pound  six  ounces  of  filings  of  iron,  boil 
well,  run  your  cloth  :  then  add  three  ounces  of  log- 
wood, and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 


'  ©YEIl's  COMPANION. 

8  US.    FOR  A  GREEJ^  DRAB, 

TAKE  three  quarters  of  a  pound  ®f  fustick,  one 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well, 
then  add  half  a  pound  of  allum,  two  ounces  of  blue- 
ing :  mix  it  well  with  the  dye,  run  your  cloth  thir- 
ty minutes  ;  then  add  one  ounce  of  copperas,  and 
handle  till  your  colour  suits  your  fancy* 

' — 4^ — ' 

82c/.    FOR  A  REDDISH  DRAB. 

TAKE  three  ounces  of  allum,  half  a  pound  of 
fustick,  six  ounces  of  logwood  chips,  two  ounces  of 
madder,  one  and  an  half  pints  of  rotten  wood  of 
oak  ;  boil  well  half  an  hour,  run  your  cloth  one 
hour,  stir,  sadden  with  three  ounces  of  copperas  : 
and  handle,  till  your  colour  pleases. 

 4,  . 

S3c/.    FOR  REDDISH  DRAB. 

TAKE  one  and  an  half  pounds  of  fustick,  boil 
m^ll ;  then  add  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum, 
run  your  cloth,  boiling,  one  hour,  then  air  and  rince 
and  shift  the  liquor  from  your  copper,  fill  with  fair 
water  ;  then  add  three  and  an  half  pounds  of  good 
madder,  two  ounces  of  camwood,  let  it  simmer 
Sftecn  minutes  ;   then  run  your  cloth  twenty 


byer's  companion. 


65 


minutes,  then  add  two  ounces  of  filings  of  iron^and 
handle  till  your  colour  pleases* 

 4.  .  . 

84?//.    FOR  LIGHT  DRJB. 

TAKE  five  ounces  of  fustick  chips,  two  ounces 
of  good  madder,  two  ounces  of  allum,  boil  well,  run 
your  cloth  twenty  minutes  ;  then  sadden  with  twen-  • 
ty  ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 



85///.    FOR  YELLOW  DRJB. 

TAKE  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  fustick,  two 
ounces  of  madder,  two  ounces  of  logwood,  boil 
well  ;  then  add  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum, 
run  your  cK)th  one  hour  ;  then  sadden  with  two 
ounces  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 


8  m.    FOR  A  YELL  0  W  DRAB,  DARK. 

TAKE  two  pound  of  fustick  chips,  five  ounces 
of  logwood  chips,  boil  well,  then  add  five  ounces  of 
madder  and  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum;  ri^ 

Fa 


T)YEIl*S  COMPANION. 


your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  then  add  one  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleas- 
es* 

Zith,    FOR  J  FOREST  BRO  WA^ 

TAKE  six  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  boil  well  : 
then  add  two  ounces  of  allum,  run  your  cloth  fifteen 
minutes  ;  then  add  two  and  an  half  pounds  of  log- 
wood, boil  well,  run  your  cloth  thirty  minutes,  then 
sadden  till  your  colour  suits,  with  six  ounces  of 
copperas. 

mh.    FOR  yJ  DARK  FOREST  BRO  WJST. 

TAKE  one  and  an  half  pounds  of  logwood,  threie 
qviarters  of  a  pound  of  red  argal,  and  three  quar- 
ters of  a  pound  of  allum,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth 
one  hour,  boiling  ;  then  add  four  pounds  of  good 
fustick  chips,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  half  an  hoiu^j 
and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

 4,   . 

Sm.   FORFJRIS  MUIh 

TAK.E  your  cloth,  and  dye  it  a  bright  llvelf 
>lue,  but  not  deep  j  then  ringe  your  cloth;  and  fiU 


dyer's  companion. 


6? 


your  copper  with  fair  water  ;  then  add  six  pounds 
of  stone  rag,  or  the  moss  of  stone,  boil  well,  run 
your  cloth  one  hour  ;  then  add  two  ounces  of  cop- 
peras, and  one  quart  of  sig,  and  handle  till  your 
colour  pleases. 

90t/u    JP'OR  A  RAVEJV  COLOUR. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  two  quarts  of 
wheat  bran,  wet  with  vinegar  ;  let  it  stand  two 
days  and  sour,  then  M  your  copper  with  fair  water, 
put  the  bran  into  a  bag,  boil  well  one  hour  ;  then 
take  out  the  bag  and  let  it  drain,  then  add  one 
pound  of  madder  and  one  pound  of  allum  ;  run 
your  cloth  one  and  an  half  hours,  boiling  :  then  air 
and  fold  it  up  smooth,  and  wrap  it  up  close,  and  let 
it  lie  twenty-four  hours  ;  then  rince,  and  shift  the 
liquor  from  your  copper,  fill  with  fair  water,  then 
add  eight  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well  till  the 
strength  is  well  out  ;  then  run  your  cloth  one 
hour  ;  then,  if  you  find  it  necessary,  add  more  log- 
wood— if  not,  then  add  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of 
copperas,  and  one  gallon  of  lant,  and  handle  till 
your  colour  pleases. 

If  your  colour  is  not  dark  enough,  you  may  use  a 
little  ashes;  put  with  sig )  and  take  the  lees  andpul 


€8  dyer's  companioi^. 

in  the  dye,  with  a  Httle  copperas,  and  mn  again.—* 
Lye  and  sig  has  the  same  effect,  and  pot-ash  ov 
pearl-ashes. 

nst.    FOR  CRO  TV,  WITH  COPPERAS. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  clolh,  take  one  and  an  half 
pounds  of  copperas,  fill  your  copper  with  water, 
heat  boiling'  hot ;  then  run  your  cloth  twenty  min- 
utes, air,  and  run  again  as  before,  then  air  and  rince 
your  cloth,  shift  the  liquor  from  your  copper,  and 
rince,  nil  with  fair  water,  heat,  and  add  four  pounds 
of  logwood  chips,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  half  an 
hour,  then  air  and  run  again  as  before  j  then,  if 
your  colour  is  not  dark  enough,  add  one  ounce  of 
blue  vitriol,  run  again,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
pleases. 

%2d.    For  Crow,  wirn  Blueing  Compound* 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth— fill  your  copper  with 
fair  water,  heat  boiling  hot,  then  add  one  pound  of 
blueirfg,  (made  as  in  receipt  No.6,  for  Prussian  blue) 
add  this  at  twice  or  three  times,  run  your  cloth 
twenty  ixxinates  5it  a  time;  air  and  stir  the  blueing 


i>yer's  companion. 


well  with  the  dye,  before  the  cloth  is  clipped  in  the 
dye  ;  then  add  two  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  boil 
well,  then  add  one  quarter  of  a  po^nd  of  verdigrease 
pulverised  and  dissolved  in  vinegar,  as  in  receipt  no. 
4  ;  then  run  your  cloth  half  an  hour,  then  add  half 
a  pound  of  copperas,  run  agahi,  air,  and  if  it  is  not 
dark  enough,  add  more  copperas,  and  handle  till 
your  colour  suits  your  fancy. 


§3^/,    For  Crow^  wifn  Blue  Vi'fRioL. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth — Fill  your  copper 
with  water,  heat  scalding  hot,  take  half  a  pound  of 
blue  vitriol,  let  it  dissolve,  run  your  cloth  forty  mi- 
nutes, m  two  parts  :  then  add  five  pounds  of  log- 
wood chips,  boil  well,  run  your  cloth  thirty  min- 
utes, air  and  run  again,  and  handle  till  your  colour 
gleases. 

94///.    FOR  BLACK. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth — Fill  your  copper 
with  water,  heat,  and  add  two  pounds  of  copperas  ; 
heat  near  boiling,  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes, 
then  air  and  run  again,  boiling  the  time  as  before  : 
air  and  rince,  and  shift  the  liquor  from  your  coppej 


ro 


BTER*8  COMPANIOX. 


(rince  your  copper  clean)  and  fill  with  water,;  and 
add  SIX  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well,  run  your 
cloth  thirty  or  f®rty  minutes,  let  it  boil  again  fifteen 
or  twenty  minutes,  then  run  again  as  before  ;  then 
add  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  blue  vitriol,  run  your 
cloth,  bollmg,  three  quarters  of  an  hour  ;  then,  if  it 
is  not  black  enough,  run  again,  and  handle  till }  our 
colour  pleasss. 

This  is  the  best  form  to  dye  a  black,  I  think,  in 
the  world  ;  it  is  equal  to  any  for  brigliLness,  and 
without  the  least  danger  of  rotting  the  cloth  ;  and 
the  colour  is  lastlhg  and  permanent  as  a  blue  or 
scarlet. 

It  is  necessary  to  cleanse  the  colour  or  dye  stuff 
well  out  of  the  cloth,  immediately.  First  rince  in 
fair  water,  then  take  a  tub  of  warm  water,  sufficient 
to  handle,  and  wet  the  before-mentioned  quantity  of 
xloth  ;  then  add  half  a  pint  of  the  liquor  of  beef 
galls,  mix  it  w^ell  with  the  warm  water,  then  handle 
your  cloth  in  this  till  it  is  w^ell  wet,  then  rince  in 
w^ater  till  it  is  clean.  This  is  a  sure  remedy  against 
cracking.  The  beef  gall  may  be  used  in  all  cloths, 
in  this  manner,  that  are  liable  to  crack  ;  and  it  will 
prevent  their  cracking,  without  the  least  danger  of 
Wijurinj;  the  colour* 


dyer's  C0M?ANI01f. 


71 


^Sth.    FOR  BLACK. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  pounds  of 
logwood  chips,  one  and  a  half  pounds  of  sumac,  of 
one  season's  growth,  cut  and  dried  :  boil  well,  run 
your  cloth  half  an  hour,  then  add  one  ounce  of  blue 
vituol,  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  nutgalls,  pulveri- 
sed, boil  well,  run  your  cloth  fifteen  minutes  :  then 
add  one  ounce  of  verdigrease,  pulverised  and  dissol- 
ved in  sig  ©r  vinegar,  as  described  in  receipt  No. 4  : 
run  your  cloth  fifteen  minutesj  then  add  one  pound 
of  copperas,  handle,  and  if  it  is  not  black,  then  add 
l»ore  copperas  ;  and  handle  till  ygur  colour  pleases* 

9  m.    FQR  BLACK. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  six  pounds  of  log- 
wood chips,  one  pound  of  dry  elder  bark,  one  and  an 
half  pounds  of  sumac,  of  one  season's  growth,  well 
cured  and  dried,  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  fustick, 
boil  well  one  hour,  then  run  your  cloth  one  hour, 
^\ir  and  run  again  as  before  ;  then  air,  add  one  gal- 
lon of  sig,  and  one  and  an  half  pounds  of  copperas, 
run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes  ;  then,  if  it  is  not 
black,  add  more  copperas,  and  if  it  is  attended  with 
ja  rusty  brown,  add  two  pounds  of  common  good 


72 


byer's  companiok. 


brown  ashes,  run  your  cloth,  and  handle  till  the 
strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye. 

Then^  if  it  is  not  black,  shift  your  liquor  from 
your  copper,  scour  clean,  rince  your  cloth,  fill  yeur 
copper  with  fair  water,  then  add  one  pound  of  log- 
wood chips,  one  quarter  of  a  pound  of  elder  bark  and 
half  a  pound  ofargal  ;  -  then  boil  well,  run  your  cloth 
one  hour,  then  sadden  with  copperas,  what  is  neces- 
sary, and  handle.  But  if  it  continues  of  a  rusty  cast, 
v/hich  logwood  causes,  add  one  gallon  of  sig,  or 
iifiore  ashes,  that  which  is  most  convenient,  and  hanf 
die  till  your  colour  pleases. 

N.B.  Silk  may  be  dyed  in  this  dye.  It  isneces* 
sary  to  take  the  same  method  in  cleansing  as  in  re- 
ceipt No.94,  and  all  other  dark  colours  that  are  lia* 
ble  to   rack,  Sec. 

^7tlu    FOR  BLJCK. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  three  quarters  of 
s.  pound  of  blue  vitriol,  add  to  fair  water,  boil  well, 
run  your  cloth  three  quarters  of  an  hour  ;  then  aidd 
six  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  and  one  pound  of  fu&- 
tick  chips,  boil  one  hour,  run  your  cloth  one  hour, 
then  add  two  ounces  of  verdigrease,  pulverised  and 


b^yer's  companion. 


dissolved  in  vinegar,  as  before  described,  and  one 
gallon  of  sig,  run  your  cloth  twenty  minutes ;  then 
add  one  pound  of  copperas^  and  handle,  with  the  dye 
boiling,  till  your  colour  pleases, 

97 th.   FOR  BLA€K. 

TO  twenty  yards  of  cloth,  take  one  bushel  of  but- 
ternut or  chesnut  bark,  or  both  mixed  together  t 
boil  till  the  strength  is  well  out,  then  run  your 
cloth  one  hour,  then  sadden  with  copperas  till  it  is 
quite  dark  ;  then  air  and  rmce,  and  shift  your  cop- 
per, fill  with  fair  water  ;  then  add  four  pounds  of 
logwood  chips,  half  a  pound  of  fustick  chips,  boil 
well  till  the  strength  is  well  out,  then  run  your 
cloth  one  hour  ;  air,  and  if  it  is  not  black,  or  near  a 
black,  run  again  ;  then  add  one  pound  of  copperas, 
aM  one  gallon  of  sig  ;  boil  well,  run  your  cloth 
boilings  and  handle  till  your  colour  suits  your  fancy. 

'  ^  

The  precedit%  Rfeceipts  are  calculated  for  twenty 
ysird&of>fuIed  cloth  ;  but  thin^  cloth  may  be  dyed  as 
well  as  thicky  and' all  kinds  of  woollen  goods,  as 
yarn,  wool^  Silks -mtiy  be  dyed  in  most  of  the 
dyes  before  mentioned  ;  but  the  dye  requires  to  be 

G 


»YER*S  COMPANIOK. 


stronger  for  silk  thaA  for  woollen.  Those  dyes 
that  will  not  answer  for  silk,  I  shall  mention  hereaf? 
ter. 


Receipts  for  Cotton  and  Linen, 

COLD  JlND  HOT', 


9Zt7u  BLUE'. — FOR  CoT'TOK^  LiNENy  YjRNjtfc, 

^ ]L^O  a  tub  that  will  hold  thirty-six  pails  of  water, 
take  twelve  pounds  of  stone-lime,  slack  it,  put  it  in, 
stir  it  ten  or  twelve  minutes  ;  then  add  six  pounds 
of  copperas,  dissolved  with  hot  water,  stir  it  ^s  be- 
fore ;  then  add  six  pounds  of  indigo,  ground  fine, 
stir  it  incessantly  two  hours  ;  for  three  days,  stir  it 
three  or  four  times  in  a  day,  then  let  it  stand  fifteen 
or  twenty  hours  before  the  yarn  is  put  in,  lay  sticks 
across  the  tub,  to  hang  the  yarn  on,  that  it  may  not 
reach  the  bottom  ;  move  the  yarn  round  every  fif- 
teen minutes.  Six  hours  is  sufiicient  for  the  first 
colouring  of  the  dye  ;  as  the  dye  grows  weaker, 
longer  time  is  required;  rinqe  and  dry  it  in  the 
»hade. 


«>yer's  comj^axion.  75 

When  the  dye  is  reduced,  then  recruit  in  man- 
ner and  form  as  in  setting,  'only  when  there  is  a 
great  quantity  of  sediment  at  the  bottom,  then  the 
dye  must  be  dipped  off,  leaving  the  sediment  in  the 
bottom  ;  then  throw  away  tlie  sediment,  shift  the 
dye  back,  and  if  the  tub  is  not  full  enough,  then  add 
more  water,  (rain  water  is  required  in  this  dye  in 
setting  and  recruiting).  The  dye  must  not  be 
worked  at  too  soon  after  recruiting,  or  sitting,  and 
it  must  not  be  crowded  too  full  in  colouring,  hut 
judgment  must  be  used  by  the  dyer,  kc. 

99th,  BLUE-^FQR  corroN  and  linen,  cold. 

TO  set  a  tub  of  twelve  gallons,  take  ten  gallon* 
of  good  sig,  to  which  add  three  gills  of  spirits,  one 
pound  of  good  indigo,  three  ounces  of  pearlashes, 
a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  good  madder,  and  a  pint  of 
wheat  bran  ;  put  the  indigo  in  a  bag,  and  rub  it  in 
the  dye  till  the  indigo  is  dissolved,  and  stir  the  dye 
well  together  with  the  ingredients  ;  let  it  stand 
twelve  hours  covered  close  and  kept  warm,  and  ma- 
na?^e  it  in  the  manner  and  form  as  iii  receipt  No. 
2,  till  the  dye  comes  to  work.  After  the  dye  has 
come  to  work,  wet  the  yarn  in  hot  water,  with  a  lit- 
tle pearlash  in  it ;  let  it  cool,  then  put  it  in  the  dye 
loose  ;  let  it  lye  in  the  dye  twelve  hours,  then  wring 


76  »YSR*8  COMPAKlCm/ 

it  out  and  let  it  air  ;  and  if  it  Js  not  dark  enough, 
then  put  it  in  again.  There  ought  tobe  something 
at  the  bottom  to  keep  the  yarn  ofF  of  the  sediment. 

There  may  be  a  saving  in  colouring  cotton  or  lin- 
en, by  first  colouring  brown  or  purple,  as  I  shall 
hereafter  mention.  Silk  may  be  dyed  in  this  dye^ 
but  not  in  the  blue  vat. 


BLUE — FOR  corf  ON  and  linen— nor 

HEAT  water  sufficient  for  your  yarn,  say  for 
five  pounds  of  cotton  or  linen  yarn,  take  five  ounces 
of  blue  vitriol,  run  your  yarn  or  let  it  lye  in  the  dye 
one  hour,  then  add  three  pounds  of  good  logwood 
chips,  boil  well,  and  put  in  the  yarn  ;  let  it  lye  one 
hour,  then  air  and  add  two  ounces  of  pearlashes, 
let  it  lie  thirty  minutes  ;  then,  if  it  is  not  dark  e- 
nough,  add  a  little  blue  vitriol  ;  put  it  in  r.gain,  and 
you  will  have  a  good  looking  blue,  but  it  will  not  be 
so  lasting  a  colour  as  the  two  forms  before  men* 
tioned. 

101*t.  To  take  t/ie  Colour  ouf  of  Si/ Cotton^  or  LU 
nen,  ivhen  sfiot ted  or  another  colour  is  wished.— ^Hot, 

TO  one  barrel  of  hot  water,  take  half  a  gill  of 


BYEU'S  COMPANION. 


oil  of  vitriol,  put  in  the  goods  ;  run  them  fifteen  mi- 
nutes, air  and  rinee  them  in  fair  water  immediate- 
ly, lest  it  should  endanger  the  goods. 

I  have  reduced  black  without  injuring  it,  and 
made  a  yellow  of  it  in  this  form, 

\02d.  For  Green  m  8ilk. — Hot, 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  fustick,  boil  well,  till  the 
strength  is  well  out,  then  take  out  the  chips,  and 
add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  and  six  ounces  of 
blueing,  prepared  as  in  receipt  No.  6  ;  stir  it  with 
the  dye  till  it  is  well  mixed,  then  handle  your  silk 
fifteen  or  twenty  minutes  ;  stir  it  lively,  and  keep  it 
open  and  Icose  in  the  elye  ;  (silk  should  never  be 
wenched  as  woollen  goods)  air,  and  jf  not  deep 
enough,  add  a  little  more  blueing  ;  and  if  not  yel- 
low enough,  then  a  little  allum,  run  again  fifteen 
minutes  ;  then  air,  and  if  the  colour  suits,  rince  im- 
mediately. The  dye  ought  to  be  so;  fixed  as  to  co- 
lour quick,  and  there*  must  not  be  a  great  quantity 
coloured  at  once  in  a  dye  ;  for  the  dye  will  get  too 
strong  with  the  vitriol,  which  will  endanger  the  silk  ; 
but  with  proper  care,  it  may  be  coloured  without 
any  danger. 


78  dyer's  companion. 

103c/.  Green  on  Cotton  or  Linen 

TO  set  a  dye,  take  two  pounds  of  logwood,  and 
one  pound  of  fustick  chips,  boll  well,  then  add  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  and  run  your  goods 
one  hour  ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  blue  vit- 
riol, run  your  goods  thirty  minutes,  then  add  twa 
ounces  of  pearlash  ;  run  again,  and  handle  till  your 
colour  pleuses. 

 4» — 

\Oith.  Yellow  on  Cotton  and  Linen, — Hot: 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  the  leaves  or  peelings  of 
onions  that  are  clean  and  clear  from  dirt ;  put  them 
in  fair  water,  boil  well,  then  add  half  a  pound  of  al- 
lum,  run  your  goods  one  hour,  and  you  will  have  a 
good  colour. 



105th.  Orange  Colour  m  Cotton  and  Linen^ 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  copperas,  dissolve  it  in  hot 
water,  and  have  the  liquor  very  strong  ;  let  it  stand 
till  nearly  cold,  run  your  goods  one  hour,  then  dip 
it  in  ^ood  lye,  handle  till  perfectly  wet  ;  then  let  it 
drain,  and  hang  it  in  the  sun  fifteen  minutes,  and 
the  sua  will  turn  the  colour  \  continue  to  manage 


\ 

 Cool. 


dyer's  companion. 


79 


in  this  manner,  dipping  it  in  the  dye  and  hanging  it 
in  the  sun,  till  dark  enough. 

 4,  

106^/;.  Flesh'CQlour  on  Cotton  and  Linen.— Hot^ 

TAKE  one  and  an  half  bushels  of  black-birch 
bark,  and  half  a  bushel  of  hemlock  bark,  boil  well ; 
then  add  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum,  and  two 
ounces  of  pearlash  ;  run  your  cloth  or  goods  till 
your  colour  pleases. 

\Q>1th.  Red  on  Cotton  or  Linen  Cold, 

TAKE  six  pounds  of  Nicaragua  chips,  boil  them 
till  the  strength  is  v/ell  out  ;  then  add  half  a  pound 
of  allum,  and  let  it  stand  till  cold  ;  run  your  cloth 
or  yarn  in  hot  water,  with  a  little  pearlashes  in  it  ; 
then  air,  and  put  it  in  the  dye,  frequently  handling 
€ver  till  the  colour  suits, 

 4*  ' 

108 /A.  Cotton  and  Linen  Redish  Brown — ^Hot» 
TAKE  butternut,  sassafras,  black  alder,  and  be$i^' 


80 


dyer's  companion. 


lock  bark,  a  bushel  of  each  ;  boil  well,  run  your  good's  " 
one  hour,  then  add  two  pailfulls  of  lye,  or  a  quarter 
of  a  pound  ®f  pearlash  ;  run  your  cloth  or  goods, 
and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 

lO^th.  For  Plumb 'Colour  or  Fur/iley  on  Silks. Ho  (. 

TAKE  six  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  and  three 
pounds  of  redwood  chips,  boil  well  till  the  strength 
is  well  out  of  the  chips  ;  then  add  one  pound  of  al- 
luna,  and  run  your  goods  one  hour  ;  then  add  one 
ounce  of  verdigrease,  made  fine  and  dissolved  in 
sig,  described  before,  and  add  one  gallon  of  sig  ; 
run  your  goods  thirty  or  forty  minutes,  and  if 
your  colour  is  not  d^rk  enough,  then  add  a  little 
blue  vitriol,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases. 


tlOth.  Purfile  on  Cotton  or  Linen.^Cold. 

TAKE  three  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well, 
till  the  strength  is  well  out  and  the  dye  very  strong, 
(for  all  cotton  dyes  require  to  be  strong  ;)  then  add 
half  a  pound  of  allum,  and  one  ounce  of  pearlash  ; 
let  it  stand  and  get  cold,  dip  your  goods  into  hot  wa- 
ter, air,  and  put  them  into  the  dye  loose,  handle 
over  once  in  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes  j  let  them  lie 


-dyer's  COMFANlClt.  SI 

ui  the  dye  in  this  manner  till  the  colour  suits.  It 
must  be  observed  in  dying  cottons  and  linens  in  cold 
dyes,  that  the  air  and  sun  are  very  necessary  to 
brighten  and  strike  the  colour  m.  Let  the  goods 
lie  in  the  air  and  sun,  three  or  four  times  in  the 
course  of  your  colouring,  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes 
at  a  time.  This  preparation  is  suitable  foi?  blue,  as 
mentioned  in  receipt  99th, 

' — 4' — 

with.  Brown  on  Cotton  and  Linen.'-^Cold, 

TAKE  of  maple  or  white  oak  bark,  one  bushel, 
boil  well  till  the  strength  is  v/ell  out,  then  take  the 
bark  out,  and  have  dye  sufficient  to  wet  the  goods ; 
then  add  one  pound  of  copperas,  let  it  stand  till  near- 
ly cold  ;  run  your  goods  in  hot  water  with  a  little 
pearlashes  first  ;  thea  put  it  in  the  dye,  and  handle 
ever  once  in  ten  or  fifteen  minutes,  and  air,  as  de- 
scribed before  in  receipt  1 10th  ;  and  handle  in  this 
naanner  till  the  colour  suits  ;  then  rince  clean.  This 
is  the  brown  mentioned  in  receipt  99th,  for  a  saving 
in  blue  ;  but  I  prefer  the  purple  ;  but  when  colour- 
ed blue,  after  it  is  dry,  it  is  necessary  to  scald  it  m 
salt  and  water,  to  bind  the  colour. 


62 


©YER*S  COMPANION'. 


1  \  2th.  Dove  or  Lead-Colour^  on  Cotton  or  Linen,-^ 
ColcL 

TAKE  one  pound  of  «utgalls  pulverised,  boil  in 
"water  one  hour,  then  add  tAvo  pounds  of  copperas  \ 
let  it  stand  till  cold,  and  have  liquor  enough  to  wet 
the-goods  ;  (it  requires  to  be  very  strong)  put  your 
goods  in  the  liquor,  and  handle  once  in  five  or  six 
ininutes,  wring  and  air  once  in  half  an  hour  ;  dip  in 
this  manner  three  hours,  then  rincc.  This  liquor 
ought  to  be  put  in  a  tub,  and  another  liquor  prepar- 
ed in  another  tub,  in  this  manner,  viz. — ^take  six 
pounds  of  sumac,  of  one  year's  growth,  cut  and  well 
dryed  with  the  leaves  all  on,  in  the  summer  season, 
and  three  pounds  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well  till  the 
strength  is  well  out,  then  shift  it  in  the  tub,  and  let 
it  stand  till  cold  ;  then  run  your  goods  in  the  same 
manner  as  before  describee!,  handle  in  this  two  hours  ; 
if  the  colour  is  not  then  dark  enough,  run  again  in 
the  copperas  and  galls  liquor,  then  rinccand  run  in 
the  logwood  again,  and  handle  in  this  manner  till 
your  colour  suits. 

N.  B.  Cotton  and  linen,  v/hen  dyed  in  cold  dyes, 
must  always  be  wet  and  run  in  hot  v.  ater  half  an 
hour,'  and  then  aired  ;  and  a  little  pearlashes  is  good 
in  the  water^  to  cleanse  the  goods  for  colouring, 


dyer's  companiox. 


Cold  dyes  ^Yill  remain  good  always  if  properly  rq* 


l\3th,  Olive  on  Cotton  and  Linen, — Cold, 

TAKE  one  pound  of  nutgalls  pulverised,  put 
them  in  water,  boil  one  hour,  then  put  it  in  a  tub, 
then  add  two  pound§  of  copperas,  have  the  liquor 
strong,  and  enough  of  it  to  wet  and  cover  the  goods  ; 
then  dip  in  the  hot  water  ;  then  stir  the  galls  and 
copperas  together,  then  put  in  your  goods  and  han- 
dle over  once  in  five  minuses,  that  no  part  shall  be 
confined,  wring  and  air  every  half  hour  ;  handle  in 
this  liquor  two  hours,  then  rmce,  then  add  three 
pounds  of  fustick  and  one  pound  of  logwood  chips, 
boil  well  till  the  strength  is  well  out  ;  then  add  five' 
ounces  of  good  madder,  and  two  ounces  of  allum  ; 
let  it  simmer  a  few  minutes,  then  shift  the  liquor 
into  a  tub,  and  let  it  stand  till  eold  ;  then  handle 
your  goods  in  the  first  liquor  two  or  three  hours  till 
the  colour  is  well  raised  ;  and  if  it  is  not  dark  e- 
nough,  then  take  tM^o  pounds  of  fustick,  and  one 
pound  of  logwood,  boil  well  ;  let  it  cool,  and  sadden 
with  copperas  as  much  as  is  necessary,  and  hancjl© 
till  your  colour  pleases. 


prun 


Sed. 


DYER^S  COMPANIOK. 


114//^  Olive  on  Silk,  Cotton,  or  IJnen.'-^I/oH 

TAKE  five  pounds  of  fiistick,  and  two  pounds  of 
logwood  chips,  boil  well  ;  then  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  blue  vitriol,  and  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  al- 
lum,  run  your  goods  one  hour ;  then  add  one  pound 
of  copperas,  and  handle  till  your  colour  pleases.  If 
the  colour  is  not  dark  enough,  you  may  add  more 
copperas,  Sec, 


J15^A.  Light  Olive  on  Cotton  and  Lineni'r--^Ifo, 

TAKE  four  pounds  of  fustick  chips,  and.  half.av 
pound  of  logwood  chips,  boil  well,  then,  add  two-, 
.ounces  -of  allum,  and  one  ounce  o,f  blu,e  vitriol ;  then 
run  your  g.Qods  till  the  strcxigth  is  well  out  of [  therj 
luye  ;  then  sadden  with  copperas,  to.  your  liking,  ami  ' 
Jiandl^  till  your  colow  pleases, 



i  1 6th,  Slate  Colour  on  Cotton  unt^Unom^^Iht, 

T  AKE  hot  water,  a^d  dissolve  ,one  pound  of  cop*» 
peras  j  run  your  goeds  forty  minutes,  then  air  and 
rince,  and  shift  your  liquor  from  your  copper  ;  fill 
^yith  fair  water  j  then  add  thrive  pounds  of  logwood, 


dyer's  companion. 


bofl  well,  run  your  goods  one  hour,  then  add  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  blue  vitriol,  and  haddle  till 
your  colour  pleases. 


— 4. — 

1 17 th.  Black  on  Cotton  and  Linen.-^Hot* 

TAKE  four  pounds  of  good  logwood,  and  two 
pounds  of  fustick  chips,  boil  well ;  then  add  a  quar- 
ter of  a  pound  of  blue  vitriol,  run  your  cloth  one 
hour,  or  till  the  strength  is  well  out  of  the  dye,  then 
sadden  with  two  pounds  of  copperas,  and  one  gal- 
lop of  good  old  sig  ;  run  your  cloth,  and  if  it  is  not 
black,  you  must  rir  and  rince,  and  shift  your  liquor 
from  your  copper,  and  set  another  dye  in  manner 
and  form  as  the  first,  and  handle  again,  and  depend 
on  havmg  an  excellent  black  at  last.  But  if  it  is  at- 
tended with  a  rusty  brownness,  you  may  put  in  one 
quart  of  brown  ashes,  or  two  ounces  of  pearl-ash, 
and  handle  lively,  which  is  necessary  in  all  hot  silk^ 
cotton,  and  linen  dyes. 


—4*  

W^th,  Black  on  Cotton  and  Lipen.'^Cold* 

TAKE  one  pound  of  nutgalls  pulverised,  boil  in 
one  pail-full  of  water  one  hour,  then  add  two  pound* 
of  copperas,  shift  it  into  a  tub,  and  add  water  suffi- 

H 


»YE2l's  COMPANION. 

% 

cient  to  cover,  and  handle  your  goods  veiy  strong; 
then  take  fair  water  and  fill  your  copper,  add  four 
pounds  of  logwood  chips,  two  pounds  of  sumac  well 
dryed,  of  one  season's  growth,  and  one  pound  of 
dr]i  alder  bark,  boil  well  till  the  strength  is  well  out, 
then  dip  off  the  dye  into  a  tub,  the  chips  r^mainin^ 
in  the  kettle  ;  let  it  stand  till  cold. 

The  dye  must  be  managed  in  this  manner  ; — first 
run  your  goods  in  hot  water,  with  a  little  pearl-ash- 
es in  it ;  run  in  this  half  an  hour,  then  air  and  lay 
your  goods  into  tlie  copperas  and  galls  liquor  ;  han- 
dle over  every  eight  or  ten  minutes,  and  air  every 
half  hour  ;  handle  in  this  two  hours,  then  riiice 
clean  and  lay  it  in  the  logwood  liquor  ;  handle  as  in 
the  other  three  hours,  then  if  it  is  not  black,  put  wa- 
ter in  the  copper  upon  the  chips  ;  before  running 
in  the  copper,  let  it  steep  and  cool  again,  and  add 
one  pound  of  copperas  ;  run  in  this  one  hour  ;  but 
if  it  has  a  rusty  brown  appearance,  which  is  occa- 
sioned by  the  logwood,  then  add  two  ounces  of  pearl- 
ashes,  or  brown  ashes  will  answer  if  you  have  no 
pearl-ashes  ;  run  in  this  half  an  hour,  then  air  and 
rince  clean,  and  if  it  is  not  black  then,  recruit  thq 
liquors  and  make  them  stronger,  and  manage  as  be- 
fore in  the  first  preparation  ;  and  never  fear  but 
you  will  have  a  fine  black. 

After  you  have  rmced  clean,  to  keep  it  from 


BYER's  COMPANIOTf..  87 

cracking',  use  beef  galls,  as  nienlioned  in  receipt 


■iMiffJiii  ^  nm^  i  — 

OEJSTERJL  OBSERFJTIGA'S. 

COTTON  and  linen  dye  is  the  best  cold  in  gr-ne^  - 
ral  f  for  it  is  almost  impossible  with  me  to  colour 
cotton  and  linen  in  hot  dyes  without  spotting  ;  for 
the  cotton,  &c.  are  of  a  cold  deauly  nature,  and  the 
steam  of  the  dye  has  a  bad  effect  on  goods  of  this 
kind.  All  kinds  of  cotton  and  linen  cloths,  yarn  and 
thread,  may  be  coloured  by  follovv^ing  the  preceding 
receipts  for  dying  cotton  and  linen. 

In  tlic  receipts  for  dying  silk,  cotton  and  llnellj 
1  have  not  specified  any  particular  qu  an  lily  of  yards 
or  weight.  There  is  so  much  diiTerence  in  the 
weight  of  goods  of  this  kind,  that  no  rule  could  be 
given  in  yards  ;  and  no  certainty  can  be  affixed  to  a 
general  rule  of  weight,  because  of  the  diiTerence  of 
the  quality  of  the  goods.  Silks  diiTer,  so  do  cottons 
and  linens  ;  no  regular  system  can  therefore  be 
adopted*  The  dyer  is  to  proportion  his  dyes  ac* 
cording  to  the  receipts,  following  his  judgment  as 
the  goods  vary  ;  and  if  he  closely  pursues  the  di- 
rections lor  proportion  and  maBagementj  he  will  not 


88 


dyer's  COMPAKIOjr. 


find  a  single  receipt  that  will  not  answer  tke  pur- 
pose designed.  I  shall  hereafter  speak  particularly 
®f  the  powers  on  which  the  dyes  depend. 


niRECTIOm  FOR  BRESSLVG  CLOTH. 

IN  dressing  cloth,  there  are  various  forms  in  use 
With  almost  every  workman  in  the  business  ;  but  I 
shall  only  point  out  the  way  which  I  conceive  to  be 
the  best.  There  are  also  different  kinds  of  tools 
and  utensils  made  use  of,  which  I  shall  leave  to  the 
discretion  of  the  practitioner. 

FOR  FULLmG  CLOTH. 

CLOTH  to  be  fulled,  should  be  wet  with  soap 
sufficient  to  cleanse  it  of  the  dirt  and  grease,  then 
scoured  clean  and  dryed  ;  then  burl  or  pick  out  all 
the  nap  and  specks  that  v/ill  injure  the  cloth  in  dress- 
ing ;  then  wet  with  soap  so  that  the  cloth  will  work 
and  turn  lively  in  the  mill.  Let  proper  attention  be 
paid  to  handle  the  cloths  from  the  mill,  so  as  to  keep 
them  smooth  ;  and  be  cautious  not  to  let  them  grow 
together,  for  it  is  very  hurtful  to  the  cloth,  and  det- 


ilmental  in  dressing*.  The  fulling-mili  must  be 
tended  with  care.  When  the  cloths  are  fulled  suf- 
ficiently, then  scour  clean  from  the  soap  :  And  if 
there  is  any  of  the  first  quality  to  be  dreiised,  then 
card  lightly  over,  so  as  to  lay  and  straighten  the 
nap  ;  then  shear  this  nap  off ;  then  take  clothier's 
jacks,  and  raise  a  nap  sufficient  to  cover  the  thread  ; 
then  shear  this  off  and  raise  another  nap  vvith  teaz« 
les.  I  prefer  teazles  to  any  thing  else  to  raise  anap 
on  cloth  ;  they  are  much  milder  and  softer  to  cloth 
than  jacks  ;  but  where  they  cannot  be  had,  jacks  may 
be  substituted  in  their  place.  After  raising  the 
third  nap,  then  colour  the  cloth  ;  cleanse  it  well 
from  the  dye,  and  lay  the  nap  straight  and  smooth 
out  of  warm  Vvater  with  jacks  that  are  limber  ;  then 
dry,  keeping  the  nap  smooth  t  when  dry,  first  shear 
on  the  back-side,  then  shear  smooth  and  even  on  the 
face  side,  and  as  close  as  you  can.  When  sheared, 
burl  clean,  and  lay  the  nap  with  a  sand-board  or 
brick,  or  brush,  but  not  with  a  jack  ;  some  errone- 
ously use  a  jack  ;  a  jack  is  good  and  necessary  to 
raise  a  nap,  but  not  to  lay  it.  Lay  the  nap  smooth 
v/ith  the  sand-board,  and  then  the  cloth  is  fit  for 
the  press.  Have  smooth  papers,  put  it  in  the  press, 
let  the  heat  of  the  plate  be  just  hissing  hot  ;  screw 
it  moderately  in  the  press,  for  the  beauty  of  most 
thick  cloths  is  destroyed  by  pressing  too  hard.  The 
beauty  of  thick  cloth  depends  on  drying,  and  not  on  ^ 
pressing  5  the  coarser  the  cloth  is,  the  harder  it  re« 

Ha 


9i  byer's  companion. 

quires  to  be  screwed  :  all  thick  cloths  are  not  dress- 
ed alike,  but  according  to  quality,  some  requiring 
once  shearing,  some  twice,  and  so  on,  to  the  num- 
ber uf  times  mentioned  before  ;  six  times  is  suffi- 
cient for  the  first  quality,  managed  as  before  men- 
tioned.   Some  fulled  cloths  do  not  require  shearing, 
which  are  dressed  Avith  a  thick  nap,  sufficient  to  co- 
yer the  thread  ;  this  may  be  raised  with  common 
wool  and  cotton  cards  ;  this  kind  of  cloth  is  called 
bear-skin  or  coating.    Bearskin  should  be  pressed 
in  the  cold  press,  never  in  the  hot-press.    Baize  or 
flannels  should  be  fulled  lightly,  the  grease  and  dirt 
scoured  out  clean  ;  then,  if  it  is  to  be  coloured,  dye 
and  raise  a  nap  with  a  mild  easy  card  or  jack,  and  a 
stuffed  board,  and  dry  smooth,  and  press  in  a  «old 
press  ;  but  if  it  is  to  remain  white,  raise  a  nap  as  be- 
fore, and  dry  smooth  ;  then  have  a  stove,  or  some 
proper  tight  place,  with  conveniences  to  hang  the 
cloth  up  loose  ;  then,  to  lOG  yards  of  flannel,  burn 
one  pound  of  sulphur  or  brimstone  under  the  cloths, 
and  it  wiU  cleanse  them  from  all  specks  of  dijrt,  and 
leave  them  as  white  as  need  be  ;  but  when  you  find 
it  necessary,  you  may  have  your  copper  cleaned 
with  fair  hot  water,  with  a  little  compound  of  bluing 
in  it  ;  run  your  cloth  in  this  a  few  minutes,  and  dry 
smooth  ;  put  in  clean  pap^ers,  press  in  the  cold  press, 
&c.    Some,  when  they  stove  their  cloth  with  sul- 
phur, wet  it  in  clean  soap  suds'",  and  hang  the  cloth 
or  goods  up  wet  ;  but  I  prefer  the  water  with  a  lit- 


dyer's  COMPANIOir. 


tie  bluing,  to  whiten  the  cloth  before  stoving,  for  it 
will  wear  handsomer,  and  will  not  grow  yellow  S(» 
soon. 


FOR  THm  CLOTHS, 

THIN  cloths  should  be  well  coloured,  cleansed 
well  from  the  dye,  dryed  smooth,  and  pressed  dou» 
ble  ;  thin  cloths  require  to  be  much  moister  than 
thick  cloths  ;  the  press  papers  should  be  hard,  thin 
and  smooth  and  the  press  hotter  than  for  thick 
cloths.  It  must  be  serewed  very  hard,  for  the  beau-^ 
ty  of  thin  cloth  is  in  the  gloss  given  by  pressing.. 
The  heat  of  the  press  should  be  kept  regular,  and 
the  cloth  will  be  smooth,  Sec. 

TO  DRESS  SILK  AND  COTTOJV^  Ej'c, 

SILK  must  never  be  pressed,  but  cleaned  well 
from  the  dye-stuff,  then  dryed  ;  then  dissolve  gum 
Arabic  in  water,  wet  the  silk  thoroughly  in  this, 
wring  and  squeeze  as  dry  as  you  can,  so  as  it  shall 
not  drip  ;  then  strain  it  out  smooth  every  way,  and 
dry.    This  will  finish  the  silk  dressing. 


Oyer's  companion. 


Cottons.  Some  do  not  require  to  be  pressed,  as 
Velvets,  corduroys,  *  and  similar  cloths  ;  they  re- 
quire only  to  have  the  nap  laid  when  v^et  ;  fustian 
must  have  a  nap  raised  dry  v/ith  teazles,  and  then 
pressed.  Almost  all  kinds  of  cotton  and  linen 
cloths,  except  those  before  mentioned,  such  as  nan- 
keens, jeans,  muslins,  Sec,  require  to  be  jTi^ssed 
quite  hard  ;  not  as  hard  as  thin  woolen  cloths,  but 
harder  than  thick. 

N.  B.  Silk,  cotton  and  linen  cloth,  must  never  be 
put  in  the  fulling'-mill  to  scour  at  any  time,  for  \i 

i^in  ruin  them. 


dyer's  companion. 


9$ 


Observations  on  the  Difference  of  Colours^  and  their 
defiending  Powers^  with  directions  as  to  the  me  of 
Dye-'Stuffs^  and  their  Properties  and  Effects, 

T  HE  five  Material  Colours  are  these,  Blue,  Yel- 
low, Red,  Brown  and  Black  ;  the  three  powers  are 
these,  the  Alkali,  the  Acid,  and  Corrosive  ;  these 
are  the  depending  powers  of  all  colours  ;  which  I 
shall  endeavour  to  shew  in  each  colour  in  course. 

First,  The  Blue.  The  Blue  with  intiigo  de- 
pends on  the  power  of  the  alkali,  sig  or  urine  ; 
pearl-ashes  and  pot-ashes,  and  the  lye  of  lime  are 
all  alkalies  :  so  it  evidently  appears  that  indigo,  al- 
though the  best  dye  drug  in  the  world,  (except  co- 
chineal)  is  of  no  effect  without  the  power  of  the  al- 
kali. There  are  other  materials  used  with  the  in- 
digo, but  are  of  no  other  use  than  to  support  and  as- 
sist the  indigo  :  Woad  will  dye  a  blue,  properly 
prepared,  without  the  indigo,  and  indigo  without 
the  woad  ;  so  woad  serves  only  as  an  assistant  to  the 
indigo,  Woad  is  a  very  useful  dye  drug  in  carry- 
ing on  large  manufactories  ;  but  it  will  not  answer 
any  useful  purpose  in  our  small  business.  Madder 
is  a  strong  drug,  serving  to  brighten  and  darken  the 
blue,  vfhich  greatly  assists  the  indigo.  Wheat  bran 
serves  only  to  soften  the  water,  and  urine  or  sig  pre- 
pares the  dye  to  come  to  work  sooner  than  itotlier- 


]|?yer's  cobip anion* 


tvise  would.  Borax  is  an  alkali  which  softens  all 
parts,  and  causes  it  to  rest  easy,  and  come  to  v/ork 
Well  and  soon.  Bias  with  indigo  is  coloured  with 
drugs  altogether. 

Prussian  Blue  is  of  a  different  nature  ;  it  is  de- 
pendant on  the  polver  of  the  acid,  which  I  shall  de- 
scribe hereafter.  Blue  with  logwood  is  of  a  differ- 
ent nature  from  any  other  real  colour.  I  think 
this  is  possessed  of  all  the  powers  and  iTiixed  pow- 
ers ;  with  regard  to  logwood  I  have  imbibed  an  idea 
that  it  was  icciding  and  alHed  to  a  blue.  I  have  tried 
one  power  and  another,  until  I  have  been  brought  to 
this  conclusion.  Madder  to  strengthen  the  log- 
Wood  ;  allum  is  an  acid  that  raises  the  lustre  of  the 
blue,  but  !iot  sufficient  of  itself,  it  being  a  weak 
acid  ;  verdigrease  is  evidently  possessed  of  two  pow- 
ers, I  think  ;  itag-rees  with  the  acid  and-corrosivcj 
but  is  most  powerful  ?.s  a  corrosive.  Sig  is  a  v/eafe  * 
alkali,  which  shoYvS  that  the  powers  are  mixed;  it 
rouses  and  gives  lustre  to  the  logwrr  rnd  makes  a 
fine  blue.    Thus  we  find  the  thr  '  s  may  be 

mixed  together  in  a  real  colour,  although  much  a- 
verse  to  each  other.  Blue  \itriol  is  possessed  of 
two  pov/ers,  acid  and  corrosive,  and  powerful  m 
both  ;  it  has  a  speedy  eflect  on  loc^wocd  ;  and  is 
very  good  in  the  latter  part  of  a  dye,  to  raise,  bindj 
and  darken  the  colour. 


In  the  5th  receipt  I  have  placed  the  two  power* 


dyer's  C0MPA1<I0N. 


95 


as  a  preparation  for  the  blue,  Avhich  are  in  them- 
selves in  direct  opposition  to  each  other.  The  acid 
being  most  powerful,  it  will  generally  destroy  the 
corrosive.  Copperas  is  a  corrosive  ;  allum  and  tar- 
tar are  acids,  which  soften  and  take  oil  the  ill  effects 
of  the  copperas;  thus  mixed  together,  they  have  a 
good  effect  ;  but  place  them  in  two  different  bodies 
and  apply  your  goods,  and  one  will  destroy  the  oth- 
er. The  copperas  agrees  vveil  with  logv/ood,  for  al- 
most any  colour :  however,  for  a  blue,  it  is  lieces? 
sary  to  rince  the  copperas  well  cut  of  your  goods, 
otherwise  the  colour  will  be  dull.  Copperas  being 
placed  with  the  logwood,  kills  the  nature  of  it,  and 
destroys  the  lustre  of  the  blue  if  used  after  the  log- 
wood. The  verdigreasc,  sig  and  pearl -ashes  rr^ake 
the  three  powers  compleat  in  this  dye,  only  in  difr 
ferent  form  and  manner ;  which  evidently  shev/3 
that  blue  with  logwood  caimotbe  made  without  these 
powers  ;  but  when  the  three  powers  are  necessarily 
fixed  or  placed  in  vmion,  they  must  be  in  a  f^^eble 
form  ;  and  stdl,  if  they  are  not  properly  applied, 
although  weak  and  feeble,  perhaps  they  will  breed 
a  war  that  will  cost  something  before  a  peace  can  be 
made  ;  so  be  cautious  in  dealing  with  too  many  pow- 
ers at  once,  till  you  become  well  acquainted  with 
their  relative  and  combined  strength. 


I 

0^ 


pier's  CCMPAMIO^r. 


frussijjY  blue. 

PRUSSI  AN  Blue  depends  principally  on  the  in- 
digo, raised  by  the  power  of  the  acid,  and  softened 
by  the  power  of  alkali.  Oil  of  vitriol  is  a  strong 
acid,  salt  and  linie  are  alkalies  ;  salt  may  be  used^ 
and  answers  the  purpose  of  lime,  so  it  evidently 
appears  that  salt  is  a  simple  alkali :  these  three  in/^ 
gredients  mixed  together^  make  a  compound  of  blu« 
iui;^  for  Prussian  blue,  and  green.  Green  is  no  co- 
lour of  itself,  but  is  connected  with  two,  blue  and 
yellow,  which  are  both  dependant  on  the  acid.  Fus- 
tick  is  an  excellent  dye-wood,  but  is  useless  without 
the  acid  to  raise  and  brighten  the  colour.  Allum  is 
commonly  used,  but  tartar  and  aqua  fortis  serve  to 
raise  the  colour  of  the  yellow  ;  so  green  may  be 
made  very  easy,  the  two  colours  being  in  perfect  un-* 
ion  with  regard  to  powers.  So  lead  them  together 
with  care  till  they  arrive  at  their  proper  state,  which 
is  a  good  green. 

In  the  10th  receipt  I  have  admitted  a  little  logwood 
and  copperas,  which  serves  to  darken  the  green,  and 
rather  dull,  &C. 

In  the  1 1th  receipt,  I  have  admitted  pearl-ashes, 
allum  and  aqua  fortis  with  the  fustick,  Allum  and 
aqua-fortis  are  acids  ;  pearl-ash  is  an  alkali  ;  the 
acid  raises  the  yellow,  the  alkali  softens  and  takes 


BYEU'S  COMPANIOTf# 


or 


off  the  harsh  parts  of  the  acid,  fits  and  springs  the 
wool,  to  prepare  it  to  receive  the  blue  ;  the  acids  ar« 
binding;,  and  the  alkali  the  reverse. 

In  the  12t!i  receipt,  I  have  admitted  wheat  bran 
wet  with  vinegar.  Vinegar  is  the  principal,  it  be- 
ing an  acid,  leading  to  corrosive,  or  is  in  greater  u- 
nion  than  an7  other  acid  with  the  corrosive  ;  but 
when  mixed  with  wheat  bran,  it  is  a  mild  acid,  and 
has  quite  a  different  effect  from  what  it  would  in 
the  natural  state  ;  and  cannot  be  used  any  other  way 
in  these  kind  of  dyes.  When  mixed  with  the  bran, 
or  otherwise,  it  is  of  a  cleansing  searching  nature. 
I  have  admitted  red  tartar,  which  is  cleansing  and 
prepares  the  cloth  or  goods  to  receive  a  colour.  Cop- 
peras serves  only  to  darken,  as  I  have  said  before, 

In  the  13th  receipt  I  have  admitted  blue  vitriol, 
which  serves  to  darken  and  raise  the  lustre  of  the 
yellow. 

BOTTLE  GREEjX. 

BOTTLE  Green  is  connected  with  three  diiTer- 
cnt  colours  ;  two  as  green,  one  as  brown  ;  the  green 
is  possessed  of  the  quality  described  before,  depend- 
ing on  the  acid  j  the  brown  is  assisted  by  the  log- 

I 


oyer's  comfaniox, 

^voo^],  and  lo^vered  down  by  the  power  of  the  cor. 
rosive.  The  copperas  would  destroy  the  power  of 
the  acid  in  this  dye,  were  it  not  for  the  verdigrease 
bemg  possessed  of  two  powers,  which  rendeivbotj^ 
miid  and  friendly. 

In  the  14th  receipt,  it  is  evident  that  blue  vitriol 
is  of  two  powers  ;  as  an  acid  it  raises  the  yellow  of 
the  fustick,  as  a  corrosive  it  darkens  very  rapidly 
vvitli. logw  ood,  so  the  goods  Lre  prepared  with  these 
two  powers  to  combine  the  three  in  one  colour. 

The  15  th  receipt  is  an  olive  green  ;  this  is  a  sim^ 
pleness  of  green,  and  depends  on  the  power  of  the 
acid,  as  green  ;  but  as  brown  on  the  corrosive  ; 
the  acid  going  under  cover  of  the  bark,  gives  ad. 
mlttance  to  the  corrosive  ;  and  thus  the  lustre  of 
the  colour  is  preserved  from  danger. 


YELLOW. 

YELLOW  is  one  of  the  material  colours,  and  is 
dependerit,  always,  on  the  power  of  the  acid,  and  no 
other  ;  but  has  different  subjects.  Fustick  is  the 
principal  subject  among  our  dyers,  and  allum  the 
principal  acid.  Aqua  fortis  is  very  good  to  cleanse 
and  prepare  the  colour  j  and  it  substantiates  the 


DYEU'S  COMPANION. 


$9 


yellow,  and  makes  it  much  brighter.  So  the  allum 
and  aqua  fortis  agree  in  all  light  colours  ;  but  aqua 
fortis  will  not  answer  with  a  corrosive  ;  for  it  is  so 
strong  an  acid  that  it  will  not  admit  anj^  thing  of  a 
darkening  nature,  as  you  ^ee  in  taking  the  colour 
out  of  cloth,  Sec.  The  composiiion  is  made  up  of 
acids,  and  that  will  destroy  the  pov/er  of  the  corro- 
sive and  alkali,  and  all  the  subjects  that  unite  with 
those  powers  ;  so  it  is  evident  that  the  acid  is  most 
powerful— for  it  will  destroy  what  the  others  create ; 
yet  the  acid  may  be  overcome,  in  some  of  the  most 
feeble  parts,  when  not  guarded  with  care  by  the  al- 
kali and  corrosive, 

SCARLET  RED. 

SCARLET  is  one  of  the  most  ncble  colours  er* 
cr  made  by  man  :  cochineal  is  its  grand  and  princi- 
pal subject,  which  is  the  finest  and  best  dye  drug  in 
the  world.    Scarlet  has  the  most  brilliant  rays  of  all 
colours,  v/hich  resernbie  the  sun  in  the  nrm.amcnt 
and  the  bow  in  the  clouds.     Yet  cochineal  is  the 
most  simple  of  all  dye  drugs,  were  it  not  for  the  pow- 
er of  the  acid  and  a  proper  connection  with  ether 
subjects.    The  fustic  and  tarrneric  place  a  founda- 
tion to  give  lustre  to  the  scarlet  ;  aqua  fortis  .and  ar- 
gal  cleanse,  and  raise  the  lustre,  and  make  way  for 


100 


byer's  companion. 


the  cochineal  to  take  place  ;  yet  the  goods  are  too 
harcl~they  want  softening  and  taking  off  the  harsh 
part  of  the  acid,-  which  is  done  by  wheat  bran,  wet 
with  vinegar.  The  bran  is  softening,  and  the  vine- 
gar is  an  acid  which  is  searching  and  cleansing.-— 
Now  the  cloth  is  prepared  to  give  place  to  the  coch- 
ineal. Arsenick  and  armorick,  are  only  assisting 
subjects  ;  the  aquafortis  to  keep  up  the  life  and  spi- 
rits of  the  subjects.  Thus  cochineal  is  supported 
by  one  of  the  most  noble  and  greatest  powers,  and  is 
guarded  by  worthy  subjects  ;  and  a  scarlet  is  an  or- 
nament to  kings. 

The  next  is  possessed  of  the  same  power,  only 
the  subjects  are  a  little  differently  arranged. 

CRIMSOJV. 

CRIMSON  has  the  brilliance  and  lustre  ►of  the 

rain-bow,  yet  is  possessed  of  two  colours  ;  but  most 
united  vath  the  red,  with  a  little  tincture  of  blue. 
So  it  is  evident  crimson  is  of  no  colour  hi  itself,  but 
is  a  mixture  with  red  and  blue.  As  red,  it  depends 
i  n  the  acid  ;  and  as  blue,  on  the  alkali.  Cream  of 
uirtar,  allum,  and  crude  tartar,  are  all  acids,  Sal- 
itmmcniack  is  an  alka!i,and  a  very  weak  oi)e. — Thus 
v.xiind  these  two  powers  united  by  the  help  of  one 


dyer's  companions. 


IQl 


The  other,  or  the  next  following,  has  a  number 
of  subjects,  but  dependent  on  the  same  powers* — 
Red,  with  nicaragiia,  is  dependent  on  the  acid,  and 
idl  other  reds.  Dye  vvoods  are  not  so  permanent  as 
drugs,  nor  so  briUiant  in  rays  ;  but  answer  a  good 
piii-pose  for  common  use,  and  make  very  good  col- 
ours. All  crimsons  are  dependent  on  the  povrers 
of  the  acid  and  alkali. 

^  

MADDER  BED. 

MADDER  isafine  drug,  and  may  be  cultivated 
amung  Us.  very  easy.  It  is  a  tender  root  ;  and  when 
manufactured  fit  fur  use,  there  are  three  different 
sorts  proceeding  from  one  root.     The  dyer  ought 
to  be  well  acquainted  with  the  qualities  of  this  drug. 
It  will  not  admat  of  boiling  ;  it  kills  and  destroys  the 
nature  of  it,  (as  it  does  all  other  dye-stuffs  taken  out 
of  the  ground.)    Madder  requires  the  softest  water 
in  the  world.     In  order  to  soften  the  water,  I  use 
tlie  wheat  bran.     But  madder  depends  partly  on 
two  pov/ers — when  sig  is  used,  which  starves  to  dar- 
ken and  bind  the  red  ;  but  brazilletto  has  the  same 
efieci,  only  the  colour  will  be  brigliter— and  this 
serves  as  an  assistant,  and  the  sig  as  an  alkali,  and 
the  allum  and  argal  as  acid.     Thus  the  madder  red 
is  dependent  on  the  acid. 

I  2 


102 


dyer's  companion. 


The  Meroon  Red  has  the  same  principal  sub- 
jects, and  is  dependent  on  the  same  powers  ;  and 
differs  in  nothing  only  it  is  a  brighter  red,  and  a 
little  different  in  the  management, 

 #  " 

POLISHED  RED. 

THIS  colomMs  the  most  independent  of  any  col- 
our ;  not  depending  on  any  power  or  powers. — * 
Nutgalls  is  a  subject  with  madder,  but  ahttle  pearl- 
ashes  may  be  added  in  case  it  Avants  help  ;  so  it  ap- 
pears that  the  alkali  stands  as  a  power,  in  this  ;  so 
ail  reds  are  dependent  on  the  acids. — The  crimsons 
and  clarets  are  nothing  of  themselves,  and  are  sub- 
ject to  two  powers — the  acid  and  the  alkali.  The 
subjects  being  differently  arranged,  causes  the  dif- 
ferent complexions. 

The  power  of  the  corrosive  to  destroy  the  power  of 
acid. — Copperas,  the  strongest  of  all  corrosives,  pro- 
I)erly  prepared,  will,  without  assistance,  destroy  the 
acid.  Take  cloth  from  acidous  liquor  and  put  it  in 
copperas  water,  and  it  will  wholly  destroy  the  acid- 
ous power  ; — and  acid  will  destroy  the  corrosive,  in 
the  same  manner.  So  it  requires  a  mediator,  when 
these  two  pov.^ers  come  together,  to  unite  them,and 


d.yer's  companion. 


lOS 


prevent  their  destroying  each  other  ;  but  in  the 
mixture  of  colours  they  will  require  a  frequent  and 
friendly  correspondence. 


OEAJ^GE  COLOUR. 

ORANGE  colour  is  fine  and  brilliant,  and  has 
the  shades  of  two  colours — yellow,  in  full  ;  and  red, 
in  part.  So  orange  is  the  union  of  two  colours 
Avhich  agree  in  powers  only. 

'  ' 

CHERRY  COLOUR. 

CHERRY  is  a  dark  red,  and  is  subject  to  the 
powers  of  acid  and  alkali ;  and  the  subjects  are  bar- 
wood  and  brazilletto — but  bar-wood  is  the  most  de- 
pending one,  though  the  other  is  necessary. 

 4.  

VIOLET  COLOURS. 

VIOLETS  are  a  mixture  of  red  and  blue  ;  the 
red  depends  on  the  subject  of  brazilletto  and  on  the 
power  of  the  acid — the  blue,  on  the  subject  of  log- 
wood and  on  the  power  of  the  alkali.  Thus,  in  this 
dye,  the  powers  and  subjects  agree,  and  by  varying 
the  powers  and  subjects,  alter  the  complexions. 


dyer's  comfaniok. 


PIA'K  COLOURS, 


PINKS  are  of  various  colours,  but  this  is  a  sim- 
ple red,  and  is  dependent  on  the  power  of  the  acid  ; 
Its  subjects  are  a  number,  but  I  have  laid  them 
down  as  one  in  the  receipt,  and  that  is  madder- — 
which  is  the  principal  subject  to  be  depended  on  in 
this  colour. 


FLESH  colour  is  a  simple  colour  of  red,  changed 
from  v^hite  to  a  small  tincture  of  red.  This  has  a 
number  of  subjecti:^  but  is  dependent  on  the  power 
ef  the  acid. 


BROWN  has  many  subjects,  and  of  varioas 
complexions,  principally  dependent  on  the  power  of 
the  corrosive  ;  but  sometimes  we.  admit  the  weak 
power  of  the  alkali,  like  the  si e;,  Sec.  Brovv  -i  has 
the  greatest  connection  with  all  the  colours,  of  any 
colour  :  for  most,  or  the  greatest  part,  of  the  mixed 
colours,  are  connected  with  the  brown,  as  w^e  shall* 
shortly  shew. 


FLESH  COLOUR. 


BROJiW. 


t5TER*S  COMPANIO?^. 


105 


CORBEAU,  WITH  CAMWOOD. 

>  CORBEAU  is  a  mixture  of  two  colours,  red  and 
brown  ;  these  ccloursj  in  this  one,  dependent  on 
two  powers,  and  but  one  principal  subject.  The 
powers  are  an  acid  and  corrosive  ;  the  subject,  cam- 
wood and  the  best  of  dye-wood.  The  red  depends 
on  the  oil  of  vitriol  for  an  acid  ;  the  blue  vitriol  be- 
ing possessed  of  two  powers,  intercedes  for  the 
brown,  supports  the  red  and  raises  the  lustre,  which 
is  the  gl®ry  of  these  colours  when  united  together  ; 
the  cloth  or  goods,  in  a  direct  view,  will  be  brown, 
but  v/hen  glsinced  by  the  eye  or  looked  across,  it 
will  appear  with  a  fine  lustre  of  red. 

The  acid  is  a  guard  to  the  red,  but  that  would 
not  give  admittance  to  the  brov/n,  wxre  it  not  for 
the  blue  vitriol  being  of  two  powers,  which  inter- 
pose for  then^  mutual  good*  Copperas,  the  strong- 
est of  corrosives,  is  harsh  and  fiery,  and  v/ants  to 
be  softened  down  notwithstanding  the  blue  vitriol. 
Were  it  not  for  another  assistant  uniting  v/ith  the 
corrosive,  you  would  fail  in  the  union  of  these  two 
colours  ;  by  dissolving  the  copperas  in  vinegar,  it 
softens  the  copperas  ;  the  vinegar  being  an  acidous 
power,  uniting  with  the  corrosive,  causes  the  two 
powers  to  unite.  The  logwood  assists  the  cam- 
v/ood  in  com.pleting  tlie  necessary  union.  Tiius 
when  these  two  colours,  which  are  in  opposition  to 
each  other;  have  occasion  to  unite;  it  must  be  by 


106 


tlie  Kiediation  or  the  subject  of  two  po%rcrsj  as  t 
shall  shew  more  plcunly  in  the  next  place. 

COnnEJU  WITH  J^ICARAGUJ. 

K^ICARAGUA,  riOtofso  spirited  a  nature,  re* 
quires  the  greater  assistance  of  the  powers*  This 
fias  the  assistance  of  three  powers,  and  has  assisting 
subjects;  the  fustick,  as  an  assisting  subject,  raises 
the  lustre  of  the  red  ;  and  yellow  alv/ays  depends  on 
the  acid  ;  the  blue  vitriol  guards  the  acid  against 
the  corrosive,  keeps  it  from  danger,  and  fits  it  to 
receive  tlie  subject  of  logwood  ;  the  verdigrease 
-supports  the  acid,  raises  the  lustre  of  the  red,  and 
vmites  with  the  corrosive  ;  the  copperas  feeing  sof- 
tei>ed  by  the  si?:,  "^he  weak  power  of  the  alkali.  So 
by  the  union  of  the  three  powers,  and  t\;  o  mixed 
powers,  and  the  subjects,  (the  Nicaragua  the 
chief,)  the  two  colours  are  brought  to  an  union. 

COIIBEAU  WITH  REDWOOD, 

REDWOOD  has  spirit  sufficient,  but  is  slow  in 
motion,  and  is  a  feeble  subject  ;  and  yet  is  a  subject 
of  great  use  :  however,  it  requires  assistance,  oth- 


dyer's  companion. 


jcnvise  it  would  fail.  It  is  supported  by  the  thre(f 
powers,  the  acid  and  corrosive  are  its  main  depends 
encies  ;  but  I  have  placed  them  in  different  forms, 
as  you  will  see  by  the  receipts  for  corbeau  and  Lon- 
don brown  with  redwood.  The  powers  must  sup- 
port the  different  subjects  according  to  the  differ- 
ent order  in  which  they  are  admitted.  I  have  left 
some,*deficient  of  the  power  of  the  corrosive,  to  the 
assistant  subject  logwood,  and  the  power  of  the 
weak  alkali  sig  ;  but  in  case  the  colour  is  not  dark 
enough,  then  the  dyer's  judgment  will  call  his  at- 
tention to  look  on  the  receipts  before  mentioned,  and 
he  will  see  the  corrosive  will  be  admitted — -the  cop- 
peras or  verdigrease,  which  is  commonly  best 
to  guard  the  red,  and  powerful  in  darkening. 
Thus  we  find  the  acid  and  corrosive  are  necessary 
with  this  mixture  of  red  and  brown  ;  and  sometimes 
softened  by  the  power  of  the  alkali.  The  dyer  wiH 
always  find  these  colours  must  be  supported  by  the 
power  of  the  acid  and  corrosive.  The  acid  the 
power  of  the  red  always ;  the  corrosive  the  com- 
plete power  of  the  brown.  The  reddish  brown  and 
Spanish  brown  are  dependant  on  the  same  powers, 
}^ut  not  altogether  on  the  same  subjects,  &c. 

LOjYjDOA  SMOJK. 
THE  London  Smoke  is  a  mixture  of  yellow  and 


108 


BTEll'S  COMPANION. 


brown.  The  yellow  is  dependant  on  the  acid,  and 
is  the  substance  and  life  of  the  colour.  Fnstick  is 
the  prhiclpal  subject  for  the  yellow,  and  allum  the 
acid,  but  the  bark  is  a  guard  to  the  yellow,  and  is  a 
subject  in  favor  of  all  powers.  The  smoke  is  a  vq- 
vy  dark  colour,  bearing  a  little  red  with  the  yellow  ; 
tlius,  the  butternut  bark  substantiates  every  part  of 
these  cololirs  ;  the  Nicaragua  raises  the  reddish 
hue,  the  logwood  assists  the  copperas  in  darken? 
ing,  and  the  sig  supports  the  colour  in  every  part, 
and  enlivens  it  tq^give  place  to  the  corrosive.  Thus 
the  three  powers  are  united  in  this  mixed  colour,  • 
with  many  powerful  subjects  which  stand  well  to 
the  last. 


cmj\rAMOjy  BRoii\y. 

CINNAMON  colour  is  a  mixture  of  three  co- 
lours, red  and  yellow  in  perfect  union,  and  is  de- 
pendent on  the  acid  ;  and  the  brown,  the  corrosive 
and  alkali.  So  the  three  powers,  and  three  sub- 
jects are  united  in  this  mixture!  The  smoke  and 
liver  browns  are  simply  the  same  as  London  smoke, 
only  differing  in  their  subjects  ;  the  camwood  and 
madder  corresponding  with  the^fustick,  and  laying 
a  foundation  for  the  brown.  Thus  the  subjects 
will  unite  so  perfectly  well  together,  that  they  are 


1>YER*S  C0MPANt01f# 


10> 


tt  peace  with  all  the  powers  but  the  corrosive  ;  and 
^this  binds  all  these  subjects  and  unites  the  colours^ 

 4.  

OLIVE  BROWJSr. 

THE  Olive  differs  nothing  more,  from  smoke 
than  this— it  is  not  so  dark,  has  no  hue  of  red,  and 
is  not  depending  on  the  alkali  ;  but  the  weak  alkali 
may  be  admitted,  (as  sig)  but  is  dependent  on  the 
powers  of  acid  and  corrosive  ;  and  the  subjects  of 
the  olives  are  fustick  the  principal  ;  the  otters, 
which  are  many,  serve  to  alter  the  complections  and 
give  different  shades.  Butternut,  logwood  and  mad- 
der unite  as  to  shades  ;  the  bluing  gives  a  different 
shade.  Thus*it  is  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  dyei'S 
to  make  use  of  what  form  they  please. 

 #  ' 

;       S^UFF  BROWN". 

SNUFF  Colours  are  formed  of  three  colours  ; 
dependent  on  the  yellow  for  lustre,  and  the  red  and 
brown  for  the  shades.  The  snuff  colours  are  de- 
|>endent  principally  on  the  power  of  the  acid  and  cor- 
rosive, and  a  little  on  the  power  of  the  alkali  ;  and 
tke  many  different  subjects  have  correspondence 
%rith  these  powers.  Their  union  in  this  manner 
K 


-^410  I)YER'6  COMPA]SIQK. 

causes  the  difference  in  compJectioins,  So  as  to^ 
the  powers^  properties  and  effects  of  these  browns, 
they  are  simply  all  as  one,  but  differing  in  complec? 
tions  ;  I  mean  the  smoke,  the  olive  and  snuff.  It 
is  dependent  on  the  fu stick  and  the  acid  :  the  red  is 
dependent  on  the  redvyood,  cajpriwood  and  madder^ 
and  on  the  power  of  the  alkali  ;  the  brown  on  the 
barks,  the  logwood,  and  sumac  ;  and  is  dependent 
on  the  corrosive.  Thus  by  changing  the  orders  of 
the  subjects  and  powers,  the  different  shades  may 
be  produced  in  those  colours  ;  and  this  I  have  left 
to  the  discretion  of  the  dyer. 


BAT'WmG,  SLATE^    DOVE  OR  LEAD, 
FEARL  OR  SILVER  GREY,  AJW  J^RAB. 

AS  to  these  colours,  they  are  a  mixture  of  all  co- 
lours, except  black,  and  are  depending  on  all  the 
powers  and  almost  all  the  subjects.  Some  shades 
are  very  light,  merely  changed  from  white ;  the 
different  subjects  corresponding  with  the  powers, 
causes  the  complections  to  differ.  So  with  regard 
to  the  powers,  I  think  I  have  described  plainly  be» 
fore  ;  the  union  of  the  subject  and  colours  ai-e  of  so 
extensive  a  nature  in  these  different  shades,  it 
in  vain  to  describe  them  in  manner  and  form  as  I 
have  the  rest,  for  it  Avould  swell  a  volyme*   I  hayc 


l)tfcii^s  ebMPAi^roif.    '  111 

httti  tfery  particular  in  the  receipts,  and  giveh 
rules  sufficient,  and  ati  e^itensive  assortment  of 
shades  j  but  in  short,  they  are  all  browns  of  differ- 
ent coitipkxions,  being  of  ^  weak  and  feeble  make, 
and  must  be  nuried  with  care-,  othenviie  they  will 
never  m*rire  to  fi  state  of  miiturit  j% 

THE  Raven  is  a  mixture  of  two  colouri,  blue 
and  black  ;  black  direct,  and  blue  by  the  glance  of 
the  eye.  Now  the  blue  is  dependent  on  the  power 
of  the  acid  and  alkali,  and  the  black  on  the  power  of 
the  corrosive.  The  wheat  bran  softens  the  goods  ; 
the  vinegar  as  zn  acid  cleanses  them  and  prepares 
them  to  meet  the  subjects,  and  the  madder  a^d  al- 
lum  rouses  it  up  for  the  logwood  ;  lying  and  sour- 
ing gives  penetration  and  admittance  to  the  remain- 
ing subjects,  and  the  corrosive  power, 

'  •      — — 

CROW  WITH  COFFER  J 

CROW  colour  differs  not  much  from  the  raven. 
If  any,  only  in  form  ;  but  I  think  there  is  a  differ* 
euce— the  crow  is  attended  with  a  little  brownish 


112 


dyer's  companion* 


hue,  and  is  dependent  on  the  power  of  thfe  corrosive,, 
and  the  subject  of  the  logwood,  &c. 

— 4» — 

CROW  WITH  COMPOUND  OF  JBLUUSTG. 

THE  bhie  part  is  raised  wjth  the  bUiing  which 
has  been  described  before  ;  the  black  on  the  corro- 
sive ;  the  logwood  the  principal  subject  ;  the  ver- 
di grease  intercedes  for  both,  and  unites  both  co- 
lours together. 


CRO  W  WITHBL UE-VITRlfft. 

BLUE  Vitriol  being  connected  with  two  powers, 
the  acid  and  corrosive,  forms  an  union  with  these 
two  colours,  and  prepares  them  to  meet  the  subject 
of  logwood,  and  brings  them  on  terms  never  more 
to  part. 


BLACK. 

BLACK  is  a  colour  of  all  colours.  It  has  but 
one  shade,  and  that  is  the  shade  of  darkness.  Black 
is  dependent  on  the  power  of  the  corrosive,  and  has 


2>t£Il'S  COMPANION. 


113 


mtiiiy  subjects  ;  bur  logwood  is  the  principal,  thcs 

Others  serve  as  assistants  to  the  logwood;  Thus 

tfht  potver  aind  6^^t  subject  form  the  substance  of 

this  cotdur-    There  are  drfferefit  shades  of  all  co- 

rotlfs  except  biack. 
» 

Some  men,  and  evd-n  philcsopher's,  have  endea- 
Tored  to  shew  that  black  is  not  a  colour  ;  but  I  shall 
endeavour  to  refute  them.  Black  is  madeof  materi- 
al's, as  any  other  colour  ;  darkness  is  caused  by  ma- 
terials, by  the  earth  and  the  material  world  ;  by  the 
shadow  of  these  darkness  comes  ;  and  by  the  sub- 
jects of  material?,  white  is  changed  to  black.  So 
men  may  as  well  argue  that  light  is  darkness,  as  to 
say  that  black  is  not  a  colour.  Light  is  not  dark- 
ness, nol^  white  black  ;  but  were  the  light  to  re- 
main with  us,  we  should  not  perceive  the  darkness  ; 
and  if  we  were  not  blessed  with  materials,  we  should 
not  change  wdiite  into  colours.  Light  is  changed 
by  materials  ;  the  light  of  this  world  Is  of  a  nature 
to  be  changed,  and  white  is  of  the  same  substance, 
depending  for  its  changes  on  materials  of  dye-stuff ; 
by  our  faculties  we  use  them,  and  obtam  the  desired 
effect  which  God  in  his  wisdom  has  designed.  Blue, 
yellow,  red,  brown  and  black  are  made  of  materials  ; 
they  are  ail  colours,  and  ai^e  all  of  equal  rank,  form- 
ed from  white  ;  yet  black  is  most  powerful,  for  that 
may  be  made  to  overshadow  all  other  colours,  and 
cause  darkness  to  reign  over  them  all,  S©  it  is  evi- 
K  2 


114 


byer's  companion. 


dent  that  black  is  a  colour  of  all  colours.  But  black 
and  white  mixed  together  is  no  colour.  If  light 
and  darkness  were  mixed  together,  we  should  have 
neither  :  the  God  that  made  the  world  separated  the 
light  fi'om  the  darkness  ;  so  in  like  manner  he  has 
given  us  materials,  and  a  faculty  to  use  them,  to 
change  white  to  black.  Thus  we  find  that  black  is 
a  colour. 

It  is  said  that  orange  and  violets  are  colours,  but 
they  are  not  in  themselves  so,  but  are  compounded 
of  colours.  No  mixture  can  be  a  real  colour. 

Having  endeavoured  to  give  you  my  ideas  of  the 
properties  and  effects  of  colours  ;  I  request  to  be 
read  with  candor,  and  hope  to  be  of  some  benefit.  If 
I  have  committed  errors,  I  wish  they  may  be  cor- 
rected for  the  public  advantage. 


COLOURING  SILK. 

Silk  is  of  a  nature  dififerent  from  wool,  cotton, 
and  linen  ;  it  is  of  a  deadly  nature  :  however,  the 
most  of  preparations  for  dying  woollen  will  answer 
for  silkj  only  the  dye  requires  to  be  stronger.  It 


:<  dyer's^  companion.  115 

iias  also  such  an  union  with  cotton  and  linen,  that 
most  of  these  preparations  will  answer  for  either. 
So  it  appears  that  silk  is  of  a  substance  between 
wool,  cotton  and  linen,  and  it  unites  with  them  as 
to  colours,  &c. 

 4- — 

BY  ma  COTTOjY  AJsfD  LmEN. 

COTTON  and  Linen  are  of  a  cold  and  deadly 
nature,  and  require  different  preparations  and  man- 
agement in  colouring'.  It  is  the  best  way  in  colour- 
ing cotton  and  linen,  to  have  the  dye  cold  ;  they  be- 
ing of  so  cold  a  nature.  As  to  the  colours  of  cotton 
and  linen,  I  shall  say  but  little  :  As  to  the  powers, 
the  principal  is  the  corrosive,  the  next  the  alkali, 
and  sometunes  the  acid ;  which  you  will  see  by  the 
receipts.  The  subjects  are  many,  but  the  grand 
subject  is  nutgalls  ;  the  others  are  so  numerous,  I 
shall  not  mention  them  now.  I  have  endeavoured 
to  explain  them  explicitly  in  the  receipts  for  cotton 
and  linen,  and  think  it  needless  to  mention  them 
again  here.  As  to  the  powers  and  the  union  of  the 
subjects,  they  have  been  explained  before  and 
the  best  way  is  to  examine  the  rules  for  im- 
provements, and  follow  the  receipts  close  in  proper 
order,  and  I  presume  to  say  they  will  have  the  de»  ^ 
sired  effect,  in  all  colours  and  shades. 


OBSERVAflONS    OIT    'THE    PRESENt  SjtUA" 
'2' ION  OF  7' HE  DrER's  BUSINESS. 

 -i.  ■ 

Observation  First, 

w  E  think  ourselves  masters  of  our  biisinesi^ 
before  we  are,  and  undertake  to  do  that  we  know  no- 
thing ©f.  By  this  our  business  is  ruined,  our  cus« 
tomers  imposed  upon,  and  our  country  impoverish- 
ed ;  this  is  the  present  situation  of  our  business* 

ObservatiQTi  Stcond.^Hho^^  invjwstors  injurdi 
their  fellow-funetioners  as  well  as  the  public,'  by  dis- 
couraging mamifaGtorTes.  Finding*  they  fail  of  thei^ 
intentions,  they  begin  to  encourage  their  customers 
by  promising  to  do  better,  and  to  work  very  cheap  ; 
by  these  impostors,  people  are  deliKled,  and  their 
goods  not  unfreqnently  ruined.  With  the  custom- 
er, who  knows  nothing  of  dressing,  cheapness  is 
every  thing.  The  workman  who  is  a  complete 
"master  of  his  business  is  often  GOHipelled  to  regu* 
late  his  prices  of  work  by  the  charges  of  those  who 
are  ignorant  of  the  trade  ;  consequently  the  work  \^ 
slighted,  or  the  mechanic  cannot  obtain  a  living  ; 
and  the  employer  is  a  loser  in  the  end,  as  the  good^ 
ai*e  badly  finisiied,  or  perhaps  entirely  ruined. 


DYEK^S  COMPANION. 


11/ 


Let  those  who  practise  in  a  business  make  thenv 
selves  masters  of  it ;  then  fair  and  just  prices  may^ 
be  obtained  for  their  labor,  and  the  employer  will 
be  better  satisfied,  and  real  justice  bo  done  him^— ^ 
Thus  our  manufactories  would  be  increased  :  The 
interests  of  the  employer  and  employed  would  both 
be  enhanced  ;  they  are  inseparable  :  selfishness 
counteracts  its  own  views  ;  the  injustice  we  do  our 
country,  we  do  to  ourselves.  / 

As  a  nation  we  can  never  be  really  independent^ 
until  we  become  our  own  manufacturers  of  articles 
of  the  first  necessity.  To  arrive  at  this  desirable 
point  ought  to  be  our  constant  endeavour  ;  and  eve- 
ry real  patriot  will  use  his  exertions,  not  only  in 
word  but  in  deed,  to  hasten  the  period. 


Observations  on  Manufacturing  CloTh. 

TO  make  fine  Broadcloth,  take  your  wool  and 
sort  it  carefully  ;  take  the  shortest  and  finest  of 
the  wool,  leaving  no  coarse  locks  with  it;  then 
break  the  wool  all  together,  and  card  it  into  rolls  by 
one  person  or  machine,  then  spin  well  the  filling 
cross  banded  ;  give  it  a  good  twist,  but  not  hard  so 
as  to  be  wirey  ;  let  it  all  be  twisted  alike,  and  spun 
by  one  person,  then  let  it  be  well  wove,  with  the 


threads  closed  together,  but  not  too  hard.  T'fie^ 
take  the  long  wool,  and  have  it  eombed  into  wors-* 
ted  ;  have  it  well  spiin^  tmsted  well,  and  wova 
firm.  iThin  cloths  depend  on  the  twisting  and  firm 
weaving  ;  but  the  other,  after  it  h  w^li  tif\.\nufac* 
tured,  depends  on  the  fulling  to  clost*  and  make  it 
firm,  and  on  the  dressing  for  beauty.  The  cloth, 
if  well  manufactut*ed>  well  fulicrd,  and  mil  dfed 
and  dressed,  will  appear  equal  to  tmy  importetj 
cloths  ;  but  if  not  well  manufactured,  it  will  not  be 
handsome. 

If  you  have  coarse  woijI  and  fine  mixed  together. 
It  cannot  be  a  fine  piece  ;  if  it  is  not  broke  and  card- 
ed together,  it  will  not  work  well  ;  it  is  liable  to  be 
streaked,  and  pucker  or  cockle  in  the  mill.  If  not 
well  spun,  or  if  spun  by  two  hands,  it  will  liave  the 
same  effedt  ;  and  if  two  weave  on  one  piece,  one 
thick  and  the  other  thin,  it  will  cause  it  to  pucker 
©r  cockle. 

With  proper  care  and  attention  in  the  manufac- 
turing and  dressing  of  cloths,  we  may  equal  any 
in  workmanship  and  beauty,  and  afford  them  one 
third  cheaper  than  those  imported. 


£J\rD  OF  THE  FIRST  PART. 


THE 


DYER'S  COMPANION. 


PART    S  E  C  O  JV  D. 


THE 


t)YER'S  COMPANION. 


RECEIPTS,  &e. 

1 .  To  Jack  or  harden  Leather  for  IIorte?nati^s  Cafiff^ 
Holsters,  ^c. 

I  HAVE  found  by  experience,  that  saddle  leath- 
er is  the  best  for  caps  and  holsters.  In  this  case, 
let  the  cap,  kc,  be  perfectly  dry  ;  and  on  the  block 
when  jacked  ;  take  melted  rozin,  as  hot  as  is  con- 
venient, rub  it  on  with  a  small  swab,  then  pass  the 
cap  back  and  forth  through  a  light  blaze,  and  hold 
it  to  the  fire  till  it  strikes  in  ;  repeat  it  a  second 
time.  It  is  a  repellant  U)  w^ater,  and  keeps  the 
work  in  its  place.  For  leather  that  has  not  been 
oiled,  add  to  three  ounces  of  rozin,  ounce  of 
ess  -wax,  and  half  an  ounce  of  tallow. 


4 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


2d,  To  make  Varnish  for  Leather, 

TAKE  three  ounces  of  gum  shellack  made  fine, 
and  one  ounce  and  a  half  of  Venice  turpentine,  put 
them'  into  one  pint  of  double  rectified  spirits  of  wine, 
place  the  bottle  in  hot  sand  or  water  for  six  hours, 
shake  it  often,  and  apply  it  with  a  soft  brush  or  the 
fingers  when  blood  warm.  Repeat  i,t  three  or  four 
times  in  the  course  of  twelve  hours, 

3t/.  To  firepare  Feathers^  Fur  and  Hair^  to  receive 
Red  J  Yellow  or  Green. 

THIS  preparation  is  necessary  as  the  oil  must 
be  extracted  previous  to  colouring.  For  one  ounce 
of  feathers,  take  one  quart  of  water,  add  to  it  one 
gill  of  sour  wheat  bran  water,  one  ounce  of  cream 
of  tartar,  and  half  an  ounce  of  allum  ;  simmer  this 
together  ;  then  after  the  feathers  are  washed  and 
rinced,  put  them  in,  let  it  stand  twelve  hours,  keep- 
ing the  liquor  hot. 

N.  B.  White  only  will  receive  the  above  colours. 

 ^  

4  th,  To  Colour  Feathers^  Fur^  ifc.  Red. 
TAKE  half  an  ounce  of  cochineal  made  fine,  mix 


iSKl'^rL  nECEIPTS. 


5 


il  ^vlih  an  ounce  and  an  half  of  cream  of  tartar  to 
one  quart  of  water  ;  ^vhen  simmering-  hot,  ^dd  a 
tea-spoon-fuil,  let  it  stand  ten  minutes,  then  put  it 
in  the  feathers,  and  so  on  each  ten  minutes,  until 
exliausted.  In  all  colouring',  the  dye  must  not  be 
crowded,  and  soft  water  must  be  used.  After  the 
whole  of  the  cplourine^  is  in,  let  it  stand  fifteen  min- 
utes, tlien  rince  them  in  clear  water  ;  whilst  in  the 
dye.  five  or  six  drops  of  aqua  fortis  may  not  be  a- 
mibs,  as  it  sets  the  colour  more  on  the  scarlet, 

^Jh,  To  Colour  Feathers^  Fur^  Hair^  and  Woollen  or 
Sil/c^  Biue^  of  any  shade^ 

r 

NO  preparation  is  necessary  except  washing  and 
rincing.  To  eight  ounces  of  oil  of  vitriol,  add  one 
ounce  of  indigo  made  fine,  a  tea-spoonfull  of  each 
six  or  eight  minutes,  shake  it  often  ;  it  must  stand 
two  or  three  days  before  it  is  fit  for  use  ;  indeed  the 
longer  it  stands  the  better  :  one  tea-spoonful  of  this 
to  one  quart  of  water,  when  hot  as  is  convenient  for 
flesh  to  bear,  maVe  an  azure  blue  ;  by  adding  or  di- 
minishing, any  shade  is  produced.  It  is  not  re- 
commended for  woollen,  except  for  women's  light 
vv'ear,  stockings,  Sec.  as  the  colour  is  not  very  du- 
rable on  the  wool.  Those  light  articles  being  easi- 
ly re-coloured,  it  will  be  found  the  most  convenient 
L  2 


G 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


and  expeditious  method  of  colouring,  as  ten  or  fif- 
teen minutes  is  sufficient  for  any  of  the  above  arti- 
cles to  colour.  It  is  also  very  useful  to  revive  old 
dye  that  has  decayed  ;  also,  a  few  drops  put  into 
rincing  water  for  silk,  stockings,  &:c.  gives  the  pri- 
mitive clearness.  I  am  sure,  if  the  use  of  this  was^ 
known,  that  scarce  a  family  would  be  found  without 
a  phial  of  it  in  their  house. 

 4» — 

6th,  To  Colour  Feathers ^  i^'c.  Yellow  and  Gresn^ 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  fustick,  chip  it  fine,  boil  it 
in  two  gallons  of  water  four  hours,  keeping  the  quan- 
tity of  water  ;  then  take  out  the  chips,  and  add  one 
ounce  of  curkemy  root,  and  an  ounce  of  allum  ;  boil 
the  two  gallons  to  two  quarts,  let  the  feathers  he  in 
the  dye  one  hour  to  makfe  them  green  ;  add  two 
tea-spoonfuls  of  the  oil  of  vitriol  and  indigo.  They 
require  to  be  only  rinced  after  colouring. 

7th.  To  Colour  Feathers^  Ijfc,  Black. 

THIS  is  the  most  difficult  colour  to  set.  The 
feathers  must  lay  in  a  preparatory  liquor  twelve 
hours  ;  as  follows — To  each  quart  of  water,  add 
one  tea-spoonfui  of  aqua  fortis;  it  must  be  kept  hot 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


the  whole  of  the  time  :  then,  for  three  ounces  of 
feathers,  take  two  pounds  of  logwood  chipped  fine, 
and  one  pound  of  common  sumac,  put  these  into 
three  gallons  of  water  in  an  iron  kettle,  boil  it  four 
or  five  hours,  take  out  the  chips,  and  add  two  ounc-^ 
es  of  English  nutgalls  pounded  fine  ;  boil  the  three 
gallons  to  three  quarts,  then  put  in  the  feathers,  let 
them  be  twelve  hours  ;  then  take  three  ounces  of 
copperas,  and  one  ounce  of  verdigrease  made  fine, 
put  them  into  half  a  pint  of  urine,  and  stir  it  on  a 
moderate  fire  ten  or  twelve  minutes  ;  put  this  to 
the  dye,  it  will  set  the  colour  ;  let  them  be  in 
twelve  hours  more,  then  they  must  be  washed  or 
rinced  perfectly  clean.  It;  is  possible  that  hatters 
and  others  who  deal  in  black,  may  find  something 
in  this  to  their  advantage. 


St/i.  To  Lacker  Brass  and  Ti?i'Ware, 

TAKE  gum  gamboge  one  ounce,  make  it  firie;^ 
put  it  into  four  ounces  spirits  of  wine,  let  it  be  kept 
warm  four  hours  :  the  method  of  using  it  for  small 
ware,  such  as  buckles  for  harness.  See.  put  them  on 
^  a  piece  of  sheet  iron,  heat  them  hissing  hot,  then 
dip  them  in  the  lacker  one  at  a  time,  as  fast  as  you 
please.    For  large  work,  let  the  ware  be  heated,  ap- 


^8 


tJSEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


ply  the  lacker  v/ith  a  fine  brush  ;  it  gives  a  mo%t 
beautiful  yellow. 

9t/i,  To  make  Oil-Cloth  for  Hats^  Umbrellas^  i!fc. 

TAKE  one  pint  of  linseed  oil,  add  one  ounce  spi- 
rits of  wine,  one  ounce  of  litharge  of  gold,  and  one 
ounce  of  sugar  of  lead,  simmer  them  togetlier  half 
an  hour  ;  take  persian  or  sarsnet,  tack  it  within  a 
frame,  a  common  case  knife  is  used  in  laying  on 
the  oil ;  tvf  ice  going  over  is  sufficient. 

— -t— 

\Oth,  To  make  Oil-Cloth  fur  Carpets. 

TO  one  gill  of  dissolved  glue,  add  one  gill  of  ho- 
ney, and  one  pint  of  water,  simmer  these  togeth- 
er, stir  in  it  five  or  six  ounces  of  Spanish  white  ; 
the  cloth  being  tacked  as  above,  rub  this  on  till  tlie 
pores  are  filled.  If  the  paint  be  properly  prepared, 
it  will  neither  break  nor  peal  oiT. 

< 

 — — 

Wtk.  To  boil  Oil  for  Painting, 
TO  one  gallon  of  oil,  add  one  ounce  of  white  vit- 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


9 


riol,  and  an  ounce  of  sugar  of  lead,  a  quarter  at  a 
time  5  boil  one  hour. 

— 4- — 

12  fh.  To  make  Stone  Colour. 

TO  fourteen  pounds  of  white  lead,  add  five 
pounds  of  yellow  ochre,  and  one  ounce  of  ivory 
black. 


\Zth,  To  make  Pearl  Cdour^ 


TO  twelve  pounds  of  white  lead,  add  one  pound 
of  stone  yellow,  half  an  ounce  of  Prussian  blue,  and 
two  ounces  of  white  vitriol  to  dry  the  paint.  Vit- 
riol is  used  in  all  paints  for  drying. 


To  make  deefi  Blue% 

TO  three  pounds  of  white  lead,  add  one  ounce  of 
Prussian  blue* 


10 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


\5th.  To  make  Sea  Green.  / 

To  two  pounds  of  stone  yeUow,  add  one  oulide  of 
Prussian  blue* 

\6th,  Vej'digrease  Green, 

TO  one  pound  of  vefdigrease,  add  two  ounces 
of  white  lead. 

\7th,  Oraiige  Colour  for  Carpets^ 

TO  four  pounds  of  stone  yellow,  add  two  pounds 
6f  red  lead. 


\^th.  To  Slack  Verdigreaae. 

TAKE  a  kettle  of  hot  wet  sand,  wrap  four  or 
live  ounces  of  verdigrease  in  a  cabbage  leaf,  put  as 
many  of  those  parcels  in  the  sand  as  is  convenient, 
leaving  two  or  three  inches  between  ;  let  them  be 
in  four  hours,  keeping  the  sand  hot.  The  verdi- 
grease  being  thus  slacked,  a  man  may  grind  three 
times  the  quantity  in  a  day  as  of  unsl^icked. 


9 


•  USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 

\9th^  To  make  VerinHlioii^ 

AKE  of  quick-silver  eighteen  pounds,  of  flow- 
ers of  sulphur  six  pounds  ;  melt  the  sulphur  in  an 
earthen  pot,  and  pour  in  the  quick-silver  gradual- 
ly, being  also  gently  warmed,  and  stir  them  well  to- 
gether with  the  small  end  of  a  tobacco  pipe.  But 
if  from  the  effervescence,  on  adding  the  latter  quan- 
tity of  quick-silver,  they  take  fire,  extinguish  it  by 
throwing  a  wet  cloth  (v/hieh  should  be  had  ready) 
over  the  vessel.  When  the  mass  is  cold,  pov/der 
it,  so  that  the  several  parts  maybe  well  mixed  to- 
gether. But  it  is  not  necessary  to  reduce  it,  by  nicer 
levigation,  to  an  impalpable  state.  Having  then 
prepared  an  oblong  glass  body,  or  sublimer,  by  coat« 
ing  it  well  with  fire,  lute  over  the  whole  surface  of 
the  glass,  and  working  a  proper  rim  of  the  same 
around  it,  by  which  it  may  be  hung  in  a  furnace,  in 
^nch  a  manner  that  one  half  of  it  may  be  exposed  to 
the  fire,  fix  it  in  a  proper  furnace,  and  let  the  pow- 
dered mass  be  put  into  it,  so  as  to  nearly  fill  the 
part  that  is  within  the  furnace,  a  piece  of  broken  tile 
teing  laid  over  the  mouth  of  the  glass.  Sublime, 
then,  the  contents,  with  as  strong  a  heat  as  may  be 
used  without  blowing  the  fumes  of  the  Vermillion 
9Ut  of  the  mouth  of  the  sublimer.  When  the  sub- 
limation is  over,  which  may  be  perceived  by  the  a- 
batement  of  the  heat  towards  the  top  of  the  body, 
fjiscontinue  the  fire  ;  and,  after  the  body  is  cold, 


12 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS, 


take  it  out  of  the  furnace,  and  break  it ;  then  col- 
lect together  all  the  parts  of  the  sublimed  cake,  se- 
parating carefully  from  them  any  dross  that  may 
have  been  left  at  the  bottom  of  the  body,  as  also  any 
lighter  substance  that  may  have  been  formed  in  the 
neck,  and  appears  to  be  dissimilar  to  the  rest.  Le* 
vigate  the  more  perfect  part  ;  and,  when  reduced 
to  a  fine  powder,  it  will  be  Vermillion  proper  for 
use  ;  but  on  the  perfectness  of  the  levigation  de* 
pends,  in  a  great  degree,  the  brightness  and  good- 
ness of  the  vermillion.  In  order,  therefore,  toper? 
form  this,  it  is  necessaay  that  two  or  three  mills,  of 
different  closeness  should  be  employed,  and  the  la§t 
should  be  of  steel,  and  set  as  finely  as  possible. 

^&th.  Of  Rose  Lake^  commonly  called  Rose  Pink. 

TAKE  Brazil  wood  six  pounds,  or  three  pounds 
of  Brazil  and  three  pounds  of  peachy  wood.  Boil 
them  an  hour  with  thi'ee  gallons  of  water,  in  which 
a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  allum  is  dissolved.  Purify 
then  the  fluid  by  straining  through  flannel,  and  put 
back  the  wood  into  the  boiler  with  the  same  quanti- 
ty of  allum,  and  proceed  as  before  ;  repeating  this 
a  third  time.  Mix  then  the  three  quantities  of 
tincture  together,  and  evaporate  them  till  only  two 
quarts  of  fluid  remain.  Prepare  in  the  mean  time, 
eight  peunds  of  chalk,  by  washing  over  ;  a  pound 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS* 


13 


of  allum  being  put  into  the  water  used  for  that  pur- 
pose, which,  after  the  chalk  is  washed,  must  be 
poured  oft',  and  supplied  by  a  fresh  quantity,  till  the 
chalk  be  freed  from  the  salt  formed  by  the  allum  ; 
after  which,  it  must  be  dried  to  the  consistence  of 
stiff  clay.  The  chalk  and  tmcture,  as  above  pre- 
pared, must  be  then  well  mixed  together  by  grind- 
ing, and  afterwards  laid  out  to  dry,  where  neither 
the  sun  nor  cold  air  can  reach  it  ;  though  if  it  caa 
be  conveniently  done,  a  gentle  heat  may  be  used. 

The  goodness  of  rose  pink  lies  chiefly  in  the 
brightness  of  the  colour  and  fineness  of  the  sub- 
stance ;  which  last  quality  depends  on  the  washing; 
well  the  chalk.  The  more  the  hue  of  rose  pink 
verges  on  the  true  crimson,  that  is  to  say,  the  less 
purple  it  is,  the  greater  its  value* 

21 .  FOR  PR  USSIAJSr  BL  UE. 

TAKE  of  blood  any  quantity,  and  evaporate  it  to 
perfect  dryness.  Of  this  dry  blQod  powdered  take 
§ix  pounds,  of  the  best  pearl-ashes  two  pounds  ; 
mix  them  well  together  in  a  glass  or  stone  mortar^ 
and  then  put  the  mixed  matter  into  large  crucibles 
or  earthen  pots,  and  calcine  it  in  a  furnace,  the  top 
of  the  crucible  or  pot  being  covered  with  a  tile,  or 

M 


u 


USEFUL  ^lECEIPTS. 


ather  such  convenient  thing,  but.  TOt  luted.  The 
calcination  should  be  continued  so  long  as  any  flame 
appears  to  issue  from  the  matter,  or  rather  till  the 
flame  becomes  very  slender  and  blue  ;  for  if  the  fire 
be  very  strong,  a  small  flame  would  arise  for  a  ve^ 
ry  long  time,  and  a  great  part  of  the  tinging  mat- 
ter would  be  dissipated  and  lost.  When  the  matter 
has  been  sufficiently  calcined,  take  the  vessels  which 
contain  it  out  of  the  fire,  and  as  quickly  as  possible 
throw  it  into  two  or  three  gallons  of  water  ;  and  as 
it  soaks  there,  breali  it  with  a  wooden  spatula,  that 
no  lumps  may  remain  ;  put  it  then  in  a  proper  tin 
vessel,  and  boil  it  for  the  space  of  three  quarters  .of 
an  hour  or  n>ore.  Filter  it  while  hot  through  paper, 
and  pass  some  water  through  the  filter  when  it  is 
run  dry,  to  wash  out  the  remainder  of  the  lixiviun^ 
of  the  blood  and  pearl-ashes  :  the  earth  remaining 
in  the  filter  may  be  then  thrown  away.  Jn  the  mean 
time,  dissolve  of  clean  allum  four  pounds,  and  of 
green  vitriol  or  copperas  two  pounds,  in  three  gaU 
Ions  of  water  :  add  this  solution  gradually  to  the  filr 
tered  lixivium,  so  long  as  any  effervescence  appears 
to  arise  on  the  mixture  ;  but  when  no  ebullition  or 
ferment  follows  the  admixture,  cease  to  put  in  more. 
Let  the  mixture  then  stand  at  rest,  and  a  green 
powder  will  be  precipitated  ;  from  which,  when  it 
has  thoroughly  subsided,  the  clear  part  of  the  fluid 
must  be  poured  off,  and  fresh  water  put  in  its  place, 
and  stkred  well  about  with  the  green  powder  ;  an4 


15 


after  a  proper  time  of  settling',  this  ^7ater' must  be 
poui^l  off  like  the  /ir&t»  Take  then  of  spirits  of 
salt,  doable  the  weii^Iit  of  the  g-reen  Yitrit?!,  \vhich 
was  contained  in  the  qiiantity  of  solution  of  vitriol 
and  allum  added  to  the  lixivium,  whicli  will  soon 
tiirn  the  ^retW  inatter  to  a  blue  colour  ;  and  after 
s^DHie  tim^,  add  a  ^Di*0'i5er  quantity  of  water,  and 
wash  the  colour  in  the  same  mamier  as  has  been' 
directed  for  lake,  &c.  and  when  properly  washed, 
proceed  in  the  same  manner  tt>  dry  it  in  lumps  of 
convenient  size. 

IT  is  necessary,  in  all  paintm^,  that  all  paints, 
when  mixed  together  with  the  oil,  to  grind  it  till  it 
Is  a  perfect  salve,  so  as  when  you-  rub  it  between 
your  llMgCro  yGuCaijrjOt  leet  Uii^  ix/U'gljntrSS  Vt  i'vll  lt> 
but  feel  perfectly  smooth  as  oil  ;  then  it  is  gTouiid  fit 
for  use — then  add  oil,  and  stir  it  together  what  is  ne- 
cessary, or  accordiiyg  to  your  liking.  Oil  must  be 
ftbilcd  in  aii  painting. 

 ^— 

22.  FOR  MAKLYG  BLACK  lA'K. 

TAKE  one  quart  of  rain  water,  or  water  with 
ripe  Walnut  shooks  soaked  in  it,  or  the  water  soaked 
with  oak  saw  dust  ;  strain  it  off  clean,  then  add  one 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  the  best  blue  galls,  two  oun- 
ces of  good  copperas,  and  two  ounces  of  gum  ara- 


16 


tJSErUL  RECEIPTS. 


bic  ;  put  it  in  a  bottle,  stop  tight,  then  shake  it  well 
every  day  till  the  ink  is  fit  for  use — but  the  older  the 
better.  The  above  articles  must  all  be  pulverised, 
beforc  they  are  applied  to  the  water- 
To  keep  ink  from  freezing,  apply  a  little  spirits 
of  any  kind.  To  keep  ink  from  moulding,  apply  a 
little  salt  therein. 


23.   FOR  RED  mK. 

TAKE  three  pints  of  sour  beer  (rather  than  vine* 
gar)  and  four  ounces  of  ground  brazil-wood  ;  smi^ 
mer  them  together  for  an  hour  ;  then  strain  off  and 
bottle,  well  stopped,  for  use. 

Or  you  may  dissolve  half  an  ounce  of  gum  Sene- 
gal, or  arable,  in  half  a  pint  of  water  ;  then  put  in  a 
penny  worth  of  vermillion  ;  put  into  a  small  earth- 
en vessel  and  pour  the  gum  water  to  it,  and  stir  it 
well  till  it  is  well  mixed  together,  and  it  will  be  fit 
for  use  in  twenty-four  hours — but  requires  stirring 
before  using,  in  the  same  mannei;  and  form.  You 
may  make  it  from  any  other  coloured  ink,  as  blue, 
green,  yelloW;  purple,  Sec. 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 

MEMOIR 

On  a  method  of  Painting  nvith  Milk-^bij  Jo  J.  Ca- 
det ele  Vaux  :  Memhcr  of  the  Academical  Society 
of  Sciences,'-'From  the  "  Decade  Philoaojihique.'* 

I  PUBLISHED  in' the  Feuille  de  Cultiva- 
teur,"  but  at  a  time  when  the  thoughts  of  every  one 
were  absorbed  by  the  public  misfoi-times,  a  singia- 
^kr  economical  process  for  painting,  which  the  want 
pi  materials  induced  me  to  substitute  instead  of 
painting  in  distemper. 

Take  skimmed  milk,  two  quarts. 

Fresli  slacked  lime,  six  ounces. 

Gil  of  carraway,  or  linseed,  or  nut,  four  Ounces, 

Spanish  white,  live  ounces. 

Put  the  Hme  into  a  vessel  of  stoneware,  and  pout 
upon  it  a  sufficient  quantity  of  milk  to  make  a 
smooth  mixture  ;  then  add  the  oil  by  degrees,  stir- 
ring the  mixture  with  a  small  wooden  spatula  ;  then 
add  the  remainder  of  tlie  milk,  and  finally  the  Spa- 
ish  white,  Skhnmed  milk,  in  summer,  is  often 
curdled  ;  but  this  is  of  no  consequence  to  our  pur- 
pose, as  its  fluidity  is  soon  restored  by  its  contact 
with  lime.  It  is,  however,  absolutely  necessary 
that  it  sheuld  not  be  sour  ;  for  in  that  case  it  would 
form  'vs  ith  the  lime  a  kind  of  calcareous  acetite,  sus- 
ceptible of  attracting  moisture. 

Tlie  lime  is  slacked  by  plunging  it  into  water^ 
drawing  it  out,  and  leaving  it  to  fall  to  pieces  in  the 

Ma 


iS  tSE^UL  RECEIPTS. 

air.  Itis  incUfTerent  which  uf  the  three  oilsabove-^ 
mentioned  we  use  ;  however,  for  painting  white,  tfte. 
oil  of  carraway  is  to  be  preferred,  as  it  is  colourless. 
For  painting  the  ochres,  the  commonest  lamp  oil  may 
be  used.  The  oil,  when  mixed  with  the  milk  aad 
lime,  disappears  ;  being  entirely  dissolved  by  the 
lime,  with  which  it  forms  a  calcareous  soap.  The 
Spanish  white  must  be  crumbled,  and  gently  spread 
upon  the  surface  of  the  liquid,  which  it  gradually 
imbibes,  and  at  last  sinks  ;  it  must  then  be  stired 
with  a  stick.  This  paint  is  coloured  like  distemper, 
"with  charcoal  levigated  in  water,  yellow  ochrcj  Sec. 
It  is  used  in  the  same  manner  as  distemper.  The 
quantity  above  mentioned  is  sufficient  for  painting; 
the  first  lay^r  of  six  toises,  or  fathoms. 

One  ef  the  properties  of  my  paint,  which  we  may 
term  milk  distemper  paint,  is,  that  it  will  keep  for 
v/hole  months,  and  require  neither  Hme  nor  iire,  nor 
even  manipuktion  ;  in  ten  minutes  we  may  prepare 
enough  of  it  to  paint  a  whole  house.  One  may  sleep 
m  a  chamber  the  night  after  it  has  been  painted.  A 
single  coating  is  sufficient  for  places  that  have  alrea- 
dy been  painted.  It  is  not  necessary  to  lay  on  two, 
unless  where  grease  spots  repel  the  first  coating  ; 
these  should  be  removed  by  washing  them  with 
strong  lime  water  or  a  ley  of  soap,  or  scraped  off. 

New  wood  requires  two  coatmgs.  One  coating 
is  sufficient  for  a  stair-casc;  passage,  or  cieling.  1 


USrElrUL  RECEIPTij. 


19 


have  since  given  a  far  greater  degrqe  of  solidity  to 
this  method  of  painting  :  for  it  has  been  my  aim, 
not  only  to  substitute  it  in  the  place  of  painting  in 
distemper,but  also  of  oil  paint. 

25.  Resinous  Milk  Paint. 

FOR  work  out  of  doors  I  add  to  the  proportions 
of  the  milk  distemper  painting,  two  ounces  of 
slacked  lime^  two  ounces  of  oil,  and  two  ounces  of 
•Vhite  Burgundy  pitch.  The  pitch  is  to  be  melted 
in  oil  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  added  to  the  smooth 
mixture  of  milk  and  oiL  In  cold  weather  the  milk 
ought  to  be  warmed  to  prevent  its  cooling  the  pitch 
tWQ  suddenly,  and  to  facilitate  its  union  with  the 
milk  of  lime.  This  painting  has  some  analogy 
with  that  known  by  the  name  of  encaustic* 

I  have  employed  the  resinous  milk  paint  for  ou»t« 
side  window  shutters,  that  had  been  previously  been 
painted  with  oil.  The  cheapness  of  the  articles  for 
this  paint,  makes  it  an  important  object  for  those 
people  that  have  large  wooden  houses  and  fences.—. 
An  experiment  has  been  made  with  this  paint  in  this 
country,  and  it  at  present  appears  to  answer  per- 
fectly the  discription  of  the  inventor. 


^0 


HQ.  Jn  easy  and  cheafi  Method  to  siaifi  Cherry 
a  Mahogany  Colour, 

TAKE  Gommon  whitewash  of  lime  atid  wg^er^ 
white  wash  the  wood,  let  it  stand  perhaps  twenty- 
four  hours,  then  rub  it  off,  after  polishing  the  wood 
apply  linseed  oil.  By  using  a  small  piece  of  wood 
you  may  find  when  the  colour  suits. 

— — — 

27.  To  Stain  any  kind  of  WhitcWood  a  Dark  KeJ. 

TAKE  two  ounces  of  drugs  called  di-agon*s  blood, 
Biake  it  fin€  ;  put  it  into  a  pint  of  double -rectified 
spirits  of  wine  ;  let  it  stand  six  or  seven  days,  shake 
k  ofijen,  brush  it  on  the  wood  till  the  shade  suits, 

23»  To  make  Green,  or  any  kind  of  TV  Ail  e  Wood, 

TAKE  a  yellow  liquor  as  described  in  receipt 
6tii,  add  the  vitriol  and  indigo,  less  or  more,  to 
make  what  shade  is  wanted.  In  all  shades,  it  is  ne- 
cessary to  repeat  colouring  three  or  four  times, 
Jeaving  time  for  the  wood  to  dry  betwixt  each  co- 
louring ;  the  colour  grows  darker  by  standing.—* 
The  wood  will  not  do  to  varnish  short  of  ssix  or  se- 
ven days  after  staining. 


VSEFXJL  RECEIPTS. 


21 


29.  To  make  a  Cherrt/ Bed,  on  White  Wood  of  any 
kind, 

TAKE  of  the  brightest  of  logwood  two  pounds, 
boil  out  the  strength,  take  out  the  chips,  add  a  table 
spoonful  of  the  raspings  of  gallant  gill  root,  boil  this 
one  hour,  stain  the,  dye  and  boil  it  down  to  one  quar- 
ter of  the  quantity  ;  brush  it  on  the  wood  when  hot; 
repeat  it  till  the  colour  suits. 

 4.  

30  .  To  stain  White  Wood  the  colour  of  Mahogany^ 
or  Black  Walnuts 

TAKE  logwood  liquor,  as  described  in  No.  7,  be- 
fore the  dye  is  set,  then  add  to  one  gallon  of  water 
eight  ounces  of  madder,  let  it  stand  twelve  hours, 
keeping  it  warm,  strain  it  off,  then  mix  it  with  an 
equal  quantity  «f  the  logwood  liquor  ;  it  is  applied 
SIS  other  stains. 


31.  The  be^t  Red  Stain  for  Wood. 

THIS  is  made  by  boiling  two  pounds  of  redwood 
in  two  gallons  of  water,  in  the  same  manner  as  log- 
wood, Sec,  is  boiled  ;  it  is  necessary  to  boil  this  in 
brass :  when  boiled  down  tp  »  proper  quantity,  add 


one  ounce  of  oocbmeal,  and  two  oilnces  of  cr^m' of 
tartar  made  fine  ;  boil  this  half  un  hour,  or  till  there 
is  but  one  quart  of  the  liquor  ;  apply  it  warm,  and 
add  a-  tea-sp6oiiful  of  aqua  fortisj. 

— 4^— 

S±  foitcdn  W6'od atatlt. 

TAKE  logwood  liquor  to  give  the  ground  work, 
then  take  two  ounces  of  Eri^iiislrnutgalls  made  fincj 
put  this  in  one  quart  of  water,  let  it  stand  four 
days,'  sliake  it  often,  thto  brusli'it  on,  t¥f ee  oi*  fbtir 
times  ;  when  almost  dVy,  rub  it  over  two  or  three 
times  with  strong  copperas  water  ;  like  other  stains 
it  grows  darker  by  siunulag, 

S3,  To  colour  Hats  Green  cn  the  under  side* 

TAKE  two  pounds  of  fustick,  chip  it  fine,  put  it 
into  two  gallons  of  soft*  Water,"  boil  it  four  hours  in 
brass,  keeping  nearly  the  quantity  of  Water  ;  take 
out  the  chips,  add  two  ounces  orcurliemy  root,  and 
one  ounce  of  allum  ;  boil  this  to  three  pints,^  brash 
this  on  the  hats  twice  OTef*,  then  add  to  one  quart 
of  this  yellow  liquor,  three  tea-spo'onf\ils  of  the  in- 
dfgo  and  Titrioly  (as  mentioned' ift  a  former  receipt) 


)yill  nx^ke  it  .greei>,  brush  this  on  the  hat  twxj 
or  three  time^,  ^lejavipg  tinie  between  for, the  bat  ,tQ 
be  nearly  dry, 

34.  Varnish  for  Wood  either  Stained  or  Fainted, 

THIS  is  made  the  same  as  in  receipt  2d,  except, 
instead  of  three  ounces  of  gum  shellapk,  take  of  it 
one  ounce  and  a  half,  and  one  ounce  and  a  half  of 
gum  sandrick  ;  it  must  be  laid  with  e  soft  brush, 
'  and  several  tunes  repeated  ;  after  it  has  stood  three 
or  four  days,  take  rotten  stone  made  fine  and  sifted, 
niix  it  with  water,  then  with  a  sponge  or  soft  linen^ 
f  ub  it  on  till  sufficiently  pohshed. 

35.  Varnish. 

AN  excellent  varnish  has  recently  been  discover? 
^d,  made  of  one  part  of  sandarac  not  pulverised,  and 
two  parts  of  spirits  of  wine,  made  cold  and  the  solu- 
tion promoted  by  frequent  shaking. 

•  #  

AS  the  method  of  preparing  Copal  Varnish,  is 
generally  kept  secret  by  those  who  are  acquainted 
with  it,  and  as  a  tradesman  who  is  desirous  of 


54 


USETUL  RECEIPTS. 


knowing  H,  is  obliged  to  give  some  times  an  hun- 
dred dollars  to  another,  to  let  him  into  the  secret, 
^\nd  that  upon  condition  of  not  imparting  it  to  any 
l>ody  else—- the  following  to  some  may  not  be  unac- 
ceptable. 


56.  To  make  Amber  or  Copal  Varnish i 

TAKE  of  white  rosin  four  drachms,  melt  it  over 
a  lire  in  a  glazed  vessel,  after  which  put  in  two 
ounces  of  the  whitest  amber  you  can  get,  finely  pow- 
dered :  this  last  is  to  be  put  in  gradually,  stirring  it 
jiil  the  while  with  a  small  slick  over  a  gentle  fire, 
till  it  dissolves  ;  pouring  in  nov/  and  then  a  little  oil 
of  turpentine,  as  you  find  it  growing  stiff,  and  con- 
tinue this  till  your  amber  is  nielted.  When  the 
varnish  has  been  thus  made,  pour  it  into  a  coarse 
linen  bag,  and  press  it  between  two  hot  boards  of 
oak,  or  flat  plates  of  iron.  Great  care  must  be  ta- 
ken in  making  the  vamish,  to  not  set  the  house  on 
fire  ;  for  the  vapour  of  the  oil  of  turpentine  will  er 
ven  take  fire  by  heat. — If  it  should  happen  so  to  do, 
immediately  cover  the  pot  with  a  board  or  any  thing 
that  will  suffocate  it  ;  by  which  means  it  will  be  put 
put. 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


26 


tj7.       CQMPOSIflQN  FOR  GIVING  A  BEAUTIFUL  Fo^ 
LISH  ro  MAHOGANT  FURNI'TURE. 

DISSOLVE  bees-wax  (equal  parts)  in  oil  of 
turpentine,  until  the  mixture  attain  the  consistency 
of  paste, — After  the  wood  intended  to  be  polished 
is  well  cleansed,  let  it  be  thinly  covered  with  the  a- 
bove  composition,  and  well  rubbed  with  a  piece  of 
oil  carpet,  until  no  dirt  will  adhere  to  its  surface. 

58.      To  SOFTEN  S^EEL-^FOR  ENGRAVING^  tfc, 

MAKE  a  very  strong  lye,  of  unslacked  lime  and 
white  oak  ashes,  of  each  an  equal  quantity  ;  put  in 
the  steel,  let  it  lay  fourteen  days — it  will  be  so  soft 
as  easily  to  be  cut  with  a  knife. 

 #  

39.  The  Chinese  method  for  rendering  Cloth 

WAl'tR  PROOF, 

TAKE  one  ounce  of  white  w^ax,  (melted)  add 
one  quart  of  spirits  of  turpentine  ;  when  thorough- 
ly mixed  and  cold,  then  dip  the  cloth  into  the  liquid 
and  hang  it  up  to  dry  till  it  is  thoroughly  dry. 

By  the  above  cheap  and  easy  method,  muslin,  as 
%vell  as  the  strongest  cloths,  v/ill  be  rendered  quite 
N 


26 


trSEFUL  RECEIPTS, 


impenetrable  to  the  hardest  rains  ;  and  that  with- 
out  the  mgredients  used  either  filling  up  the  pores 
of  the  eloth  or  injuring,  in  the  least,  its  texture,  or 
damaging,  at  all,'  the  most  brilliant  polours, 

40.  A  Rcceifit  to  make  an  excellent  American  Win^  : 
communicated  to  the  Burlington  Society  for  promo^ 
ting  Agriculture  and  Domestic  Manufactories  ;  bij 
Joseph  Cooper^  esq,  of  Gloucester  county^  JVeW' 
Jersey^ 

.1  PUT  a  quantity  of  the  comb,  from  which  the 
l^oney  had  been  drained,  into  a  tub  ;  to  which  I  ad- 
ded a  barrel  of  cider  immediately  from  the  press  : 
This  mixture  was  well  stirred,  and  Jeft  to  soak  for 
one  night.  It  was  then  strained,  before  a  fermen- 
tation had  taken  place  ;  and  honey  was  added  until 
the  strength  of  the  liquor  was  sufficient  to  bear  an 
egg.  It  was  then  put  into  a  barrel  ;  and  after  thp 
fermentation  commenced?  the  cask  was  filled  every 
day,  for  three  or  four  days,  that  the  filth  might  work 
out  of  the  bung  hole.  When  the  fermentation  mo- 
derated, I  put  the  bung  in  loosely,  lest  stopping  it 
light  might  cause  the  cask  to  burst.  At  the  end  of 
five  or  six  weeks  the  liquor  was  drawn  off  into  a 
tub.  and  the  white  of  eight  eggs,  well  beat  up,  with 
a  pint  of  cjean  sand,  were  put  into  it. — I  then  added 
a  gallon  of  cider  spirit  j  and  after  mixing  the  whole 


tSEFUL  RKCEIPTS. 


27 


together,  I  returned  it  into  the  cask,  vvhich  was  well 
cleansed,  bunged  it  tight,  and  placed  it  in  a  propet* 
situation  for  rackin^^^  oiY  when  nnc.  In  the  month 
of  April  following,  I  drew  it  olt  into  kegs,  for  use  ; 
and  found  it  equal,  in  my  opinion,  to  almost  any  for- 
eign wine.  In  the  opinion  of  many  judges,  it  was 
superiour. 

This  success  has  induced  me  to  repeat  the  exper- 
iment for  three  years  ;  and  I  am  persuaded,  that 
by  using  the  clean  honey,  instead  of  the  comb,  asa- 
bove  described,  such  an  improvement  might  be 
made,  as  would  enable  the  citizens  of  the  U.  States 
to  supply  themselves  with  a  truly  federal  and  whol- 
some  wine,  which  would  not  cost  one  quarter  of  a 
dollar  per  gallon,  were  all  the  ingredients  procured 
at  the  market  price  j  and  would  have  this  peculiar 
advantage  over  every  other  wine  hitherto  attempted 
in  this  country,  that  it  contains  no  foreign  mixture, 
but  is  made  from  ingredients  produced  on  our  own 
farms. 

By  order  of  the  Society, 

W M.  CoxE,  jun.  Secretary. 


41,    Wonderful  Cure  of  the  Drofisy^  by  Dwarf  Elder* 
From  the  Massyichusetts  Magazine, 

SOME  years  ago,  when  the  invalids  from  Chel- 
sea were  ordered  to  garrison  at  Portsmouth,  there 


28 


tifSEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


was  among  them  a  man  grievously  afflicted  with 
/  the  dropsy.  He  had  already  become  so  unwieldy  as 
to  be  rendered  incapable  of  doing  any  thing  whatso- 
ever, and  was  at  last  so  corpulent  that  he  could  pro- 
cure no  clothes  to  fit  him. 

In  this  critical  situation,  an  herb  doctor  chanced 
to  come  by,  and  seeing  the  man  in  that  situation, 
said,  '  Well,  friend,  what  will  yovi  give  me  if  I  cure 
you  ?'  The  poor  object,  (who  had  already  spent 
nearly  the  sum  of  forty  pounds  on  the  medical  gen- 
tlemen, without  relief)  eyeing  the  doctor  with  a  look 
of  contempt,  scarce  vouchsafed  to  return  him  for 
answer,  that  his  cure  was  impossible — and  was  pre- 
])aring  to  leave  him,  when  the  doctor,  stopping  him, 
offered  to  cure  him  for  a  glass  of  rum.  So  extra- 
ordinary a  proposal  did  not  fail  to  awaken  the  atten- 
tion of  the  man,  who  considered  the  extreme  reason- 
ableness of  the  demand,  followed  the  doctor,  with- 
out speaking  a  word,  into  his  laboratory,  who  taking 
out  a  bottle  containing  a  black  liquid,  presented  it 
to  his  patient,  telling  him  to  drink  it  ofP  that  day,  and 
when  gone,  to  fetch  his  bottle  for  more. 

Upon  a  curious  examination  of  the  contents  of  the 
bottle,  finding  it  not  unpleasant  to  the  taste,  the 
dropsical  man  wisely  concluded  there  could  be  no 
harm  in  it,  if  there  was  no  good  ;  and  accordingly, 
taking  the  bottle,  he  at  night  (though  despairing  of 
success)  ventured  to  drink,  before  he  went  to  bed> 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


29 


about  one  half  of  the  liquor,  and  immediately  com- 
posed himself  to  rest.  But  he  had  scarcely  been  a 
quarter  of  an  hour  in  bed,  before  the  physic  opera- 
ted so  strongly  that  he  was  obliged  to  get  up  and 
search  for  the  necessary  utensil.  This  was  pres- 
ently filled — upon  which  he  groped  about  for  the 
one  belonging  to  his  comrade,  vv^hich,  having  found, 
he  also  filled — and  (strange  to  tell)  a  tub  which  was 
in  the  next  room,  was  nearly  filled. — So  strong  an 
evacuation  of  urine  produced,  as  we  may  well  sup- 
pose, a  very  material  alteration  ;  for  the  next  morn- 
ing he  was  able  to  buckle  his  shoes,  which  he  had 
not  done  for  a  long  time. 

He  did  not  fail  to  call  on  the  doctor  for  a  fresh 
supply,  which  having  obtained,  he  continued  drink- 
ing at  meals.  Sec.  with  such  good  effects,  that  he 
was  completely  cured  in  less  than  a  week. 

A  matter  of  such  importance  could  not  fail  to  at- 
tract the  attention  of  the  whole  regiment,  among 
whom  I  chanced ^to  be  an  eye  witness  of  it  ;  and 
asked  him  what  the  liquid  was — he  informed  me 
that  It  was  a  decoction  made  of  the  leaves  of  dwarf 
elder.    Yours,  Sec. 

 #  

42.    CURE  FOR  THE  DROPSY, 

TAKE  a  six  quart  jug  of  old  hard  cider,  put 
N2 


30 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


therein  a  pint  of  miistarcl-seecl,  one  double-hand  full 
of  lignum  vitJe  shavings,  one  double -handful!  of 
liorse  radish  roots  ;  let  them  simmer  together,  over 
a  slow  fire,  forty-eight  hours,  when  it  will  be  fit  for 
use.  Take  a  tea-cup  full  of  this  liquid,  three  times 
a  day  ;  and  it  will  work  off  the  disorder  by  urine/ 
without  any  trouble  to  the  patient. 

A  most  surprising  histance  of  the  efficacy  of  this 
simple  medicine,  has  lately  taken  place  in  the  case 
of  Mr.  Wm.  Wray,  of  Lunenburg,  v/ho,  from  the- 
w^orst  state  of  the  dropsy,  has  by  it  been  restored  to 
perfect  health. 


FROM  A  PHILADELPHIA  PAPER. 

The  Editor  having  received  from  a  friend  the  follow^ 
ing  Recipe  for  the  Cure  of  a  Cancer^  is  induced 
from  the  veracity  of  the  'writer^  and  the  imfiortance 
of  such  a  remedy  to  many  afflicted  individuals y  t9 
lay  it  before  the  public. 

43.^  SylFE  JJVB  EFFICACIOUS  REMEDY 
FOR  THE  CJACER. 

TAKE  the  narrow  leafed  dock-root,  and  boil  it 
in  water  till  it  be  quite  soft,  then  bathe  the  part  af- 
fected in  the  decoction  as  hot  as  can  be  borne  three 
or  four  time?  a  day  ;  the  root  must  then  be  maralx- 
cd  ai^d  applied  as  a  poultice^ 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS.  v5  I 

This  root  has  proved  an  effectual  cure  in  many  in- 
stances.   It  was  first  introduced  by  an  Indian  wo* 
Irian,  who  came  to  the  house  of  a  person  in  the 
country,  who  was  much  afflicted  with  a  cancer  in 
her  mouth  ;  the  Indian  perceiving  something  was 
the  matter,  inquired  what  it  was,  and  on  being  in- 
formed, said  she  would  cure  her.    The  woman  con- 
sented to  a  trial,  though  with  little  hopes  of  success, 
having  previously  used  many  things  without  receiv- 
ing any  benefit.    The  Indian  went  out  and  soon  re- 
turned with  a  root,  which  she  boiled  and  applied  as 
above,  and  in  a  short  time  a  cure  was  effecied.  The 
Indian  was  very  careful  to  conceal  what  these  roots 
were,  and  refused  giving  any  information  respecting 
them  ;  but  happening  one  day  to  lay  some  of  them 
down,  and  stepping  out,  the  woman  concealed  one 
of  the  roots,  which  she  planted,  and  soon  discover- 
ed what  it  was.    Not  long  after,  a  person  in  that 
neighbourhood  being  afflicted  with  the  same  com- 
plaint in  her  face,  she  mformed  her  of  the  remedy, 
and  in  two  weeks  she  was  cured.    S©me  time  after, 
a  man  was  cured  of  a  confirmed  cancer  upon  the 
tack  of  his  hand  ;  after  suffering  much,  and  being 
unable  to  get  any  rest,  being  told  of  this  root,  it  was 
procured  and  prepared  for  him :  he  dipped  his  hand 

in  the  water  as  hot  as  he  could  bear  it  for  some  time  ; 
the  root  was  then  applied  as  a  poultice,  and  that 

night  he  slept  comfortably,  and  in  two  weeks  Im 

hand  was  entirely  cured. 


8^ 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


Daniel  Brown's  father,  having  had  a  cancer  in  his 
bead,  had  it  cut  out,  and  apparently  healed  ;  but 
sorne  of  the  roots  remaining,  it  again  broke  out  ; 
his  doctor  then  informed  him  that  nothing  more 
could  be  done,  except  burniiig  it  out  with  hot  irons ; 
this  being  too  harsh  a  remedy  to  submit  to,  he  was 
much  discouraged.  The  dock  root  was  soon  after 
recommended,-and  it  cured  him  in  a  short  time, 

In  the  beginning  of  the  winter  of  1798,  a  hard 
lump  appeared  in  the  middle  of  my  under  lip,  and 
in  a  short  time  became  sore  :  it  continued  in  that 
situation;; till  spring,  when  it  increased  and  became 
painful :  I  then  shewed  it  to  a  person  of  skill,  and 
isoon  found  he  apprehended  it  to  be  cancerous  ;  af- 
ter two  or  three  different  apphcations,  the  complaint 
increased  and  spread  rapidly.  Lot  Trip,  having 
heard  of  my  complaint,  mentioned  this  root — I  call- 
ed on  him  to  know  the  particulars  of  it ;  he  gave  me 
the  necessary  information  :  the  root  was  procured, 
and  used  in  the  manner  above  mentioned,  taking  a 
mouthful  of  water  in  which  the  roots  were  boiled, 
and  let  it  drop  over  my  Hps  as  hot  as  I  could  bear 
it  ;  this  I  drd  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and  then 
kept  the  root  to  it  a  day  and  a  night ;  and  in  two 
days  the  pain  entirely  left  me,  and  in  two  weeks  it 
was  cured. 


USErUL  RECEIPTS. 


53 


44.  Remedy  for  Cancers^ 

BURN  half  a  bushel  or  three  pecks  of  green  old 
field  red  oak  bark  to  ashes  ;  boil  these  ashes  ia 
three  gallons  of  water  until  reduced  to  one  ;  strain 
that  one  gallon  off,  and  boil  it  away  to  a  substance 
similar  to  butter-milk  or  cream  ;  apply  a  small 
quantity  on  a  piece  of  silk  or  lint  to  the  cancer,  but 
iio  larger  than  the  place  or  part  affected.  I  have 
known  two  plaisters  to  effect  a  cure,  whei^  the  can- 
cer lay  in  a  proper  position  for  the  medicine  imme- 
tliately  to  penetrate  to  the  roots  of  it  ;  otherwise,  it 
may  take  several  plaisters,  as  the  medicine  must  be 
repeated  every  two  hours  until  the  roots  of  the  can- 
cer are  killed  ;  then  apply  healing  salve,  with  a  lit- 
tle mercurial  ointment  mixed  thereon,  and  dress  It 
twice  a  day  until  cured,  which  vnW  certainly  be  the 
case  in  twenty  or  dnrty  days  at  farthest.  I  have 
known  several  persons  entirely  relieved  by  the 
above  prescription  :  and  one  in  particular,  after 
two  attempts  by  a  skilful  physician  to  remove  the 
cancerous  parts  by  exusion. 

After  being  greatly  alarmed  myself  from  a  can- 
cer about  three  years  ago,  and  having  followed  some 
time  the  directions  of  an  experienced  physician,  I, 
contrary  to  his  orders,  and  notwithstanding  the  fears 
of  my  family,  happily  applied  two  plaisters  of  the 


34 


V8EFUL  RECEIPTS. 


above  medicine,  and  no  symptoms  of  it  have  ap* 
peared  since. 

45*  Reci/iefor  the  Cure  of  the  Hydrojihobiay  or 
the  Bite  of  a  Mad  Bog, 

[By  a  Physician  of  respectwubility  in  New-York.] 

PLACE  a  blister  on  the  wound  immediately*  the 
sooner  the  better  ;  and  even  if  this  has  been  neg- 
lected till  the  wound  has  healed,  it  is  necessary  to 
apply  it  ;  also,  apply  blisters  to  the  inside  of  the  an- 
cles, wrists,  and  betvv^een  the  shoulders  of  the  pa- 
tient, keeping  two  running  at  a  time.  Keep  the 
patieiit  in  the  free  use  of  vinegar,  either  in  food  or 
drink  ;  and  if  he  has  not  got  a  tight  room,  make  it 
so  by  hanging  up  blankets  ;  then  boil  a  quart  or  two 
of  vinegar,  place  it  in  the  room  of  the  patient  on  a 
chafing-dish  or  kettle  of  coals,  and  let  the  patient 
continue  in  the  room  fifteen  minutes  at  a  time 
morning  and  evening,  and  often  wet  his  ancles^  feet 
and  wrists  with  it. 

Give  him  three  or  four  doses  of  the  following  me- 
dicine in  the  course  of  three  weeks,  that  is,  as  of- 
ten as  one  in  five  or  six  days  : — Calomel  eight 
grains,  native  cinnabar  and  salt  of  amber  each  four 
ounces^  to  each  dose;  to  be  taken  in  the  morning  in 


¥SEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


molasses  ;  also,  give  him  a  decoction  of  tea,  made 
of  sarsapharilla  root  and  guiacum  chips,  (common- 
ly called  lignum  vitse  dust).  If  the  patient  is  actu- 
ally labouring  under  the  symptomsof  the  hydropho- 
bia, give  the  several  remedies  more  frequently  ;  if 
soon  after  the  bite,  as  above.  If  the  patient  actual- 
ly has  the  disorder,  when  first  attended  to,  repeat 
the  remedies  until  he  recovers  ;  if  immediately  af- 
ter the  bite,  it  will  be  necessary  to  attend  him  for 
three  weeks,  which  generally  -clears  him  from  in- 
fection. His  diet  must  be  light  and  easy  of  diges- 
tion generally,  though  he  may  make  a  moderate 
use  of  animal  food  ;  but  he  must  strictly  avoid  the 
yse  of  spirituous  liquors.  The  above  is  the  ge- 
neral plan  I  follow. 

LOT  TRIP, 


46.  Cure  for  the  Bite  of  a  Mad  Dog. 

THE  roots  of  elecampane,  (the  plant  star-wort) 
pounded  soft,  boiled  in  new  milk,  and  given  plenti- 
fully to  any  thing  that  is  bitten,  during  forty-eight 
hours,  (keeping  the  subject  from  all  other  food) 
liave  been  found  an  effectual  remedy  for  this  dread- 
fill  and  frequently  fatal  malady. — JV,  Y,  Pajier, 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


47.  Cure  for  the  Bite  of  a  Mad  Dog, 

THE  following  remedy  for  the  bite  of  a  mad  dog 
is  recommended  in  the  French  papers  : — A  new 
laid  egg  is  to  be  beaten  up  and  put  into  a  frymg-pan, 
with  oil  of  olives,  cold  drawn,  and  dressed,  but  not 
too  dry.  Into  this  is  to  be  put  a  great  quantity  of 
powder  of  calcined  oyster  shells,  which  is  to  be 
sprinkled  in  such  quantities  as  the  mixture  will  ab- 
sorb. This  is  to  be  given  as  a  dose  which  is  to  be 
repeated  for  nine  days  fasting  ;  and  the  wound  is  at 
the  same  time  to  be  washed  with  salt  water.  The 
author  of  it  professes  to  have  tried  it  with  repeated 
success,  on  man,  dogs,  and  other  animals. 

— # — 

FROM  A  CHARLESTON  PAPER. 

48.  The  Infallible  Cure  for  the  Dysentery. 

I  HAVE  been  acquainted  with  it  nearly  forty 
years,  and  never  knew  it  to  fail.  I  have  cured  all 
that  ever  had  it  on  my  plantation,  and  myself  seve- 
ral times.  Not  forty  days  past,  I  was  afflicted  with 
the  dysentery,  and  cured  myself  with  the  receipt  un- 
der written.  About  thirty  years  ago,  I  cured  two 
persons  in  Charleston,  who  had  been  under  the  care 
of  three  physicians,  and  it  had  baffled  tkeir  arjt  and 


rSEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


;  yet  this  receipt  cured  them  in  a  few  clavs» 
The  public  may  rely  on  the  efBcacy  and  infallibility 
of  the  receipt,  viz.— As  soon  as  you  find  the  flux  is 
bad,  if  possible  before  it  comes  to  the  dysentery^ 
drink  three  or  four  tea-cupfuls  of  melted  suet  dai- 
ly, say  a  cup  full  every  three  or  four  liours  ;  let  the 
food  be  the  flour  of  well  parched  Indian  ccrn  made 
into  a  pap  v.  ith  new  milk,  and  sweetened  with  loaf 
sugar  ;  and  let  the  drink  be  nothing  else  but  a 
strong  tea  made  with  chipped  logwood,  or  red  oak 
bark,  and  sweetened  with  loaf  sugar,  though  it  will 
do  without  sweetening.  When  yon  find  it  is  check- 
ed, make  the  tea  weaker  ;  should  it  stop  too  sud- 
den, take  a  flttle  salts.  With  the  above  simples,  I 
can  cure  tliousands  without  the  loss  of  one.  The 
cure  will  be  elfected  in  five,  six  or  seven  days. 

 #  " 

49.  Cure  for  the  Dysentery* 

TAKE  of  the  roots  of  the  low-running  bkuiibe?- 
Ty  vine,  one  large  handful  ;  make  a  strong  tea  of 
them  in  the  same  manner  as  you  would  make  other 
tea,  only  let  it  stand  on  the  coals  a  little  longer. — . 
Give  two  tea-cups  full  to  an  adult,  and  one  to  a 
.child.  After  it  has  operatetl,  give  the  patient  a 
plenty  of  low  balm  tea,  or  cold  water  if  preferred. 
Be  careful  when  the  appetite  returns,  to  give  them 

o 


58 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


but  a  liitle  to  eat  at  a  time,  and  that  as  often  as  the 
-  appetite  calls,  and  no  oftener.  This  blackberry 
root  tea  operates  as  a  thorough  but  gentle  purge  in 
this  complaint,  and  as  soon  as  it  operates,  it  changes 
the  nature  of  the  stools  ;  that  is,  instead  of  blood, 
^c,  the  stools  will  be  of  a  greenish  froth,  and  so 
will  continue  to  be  until  they  become  natural. 

50.  Cure  for  the  Dysentery, 

Tx\KE  new  churned  butter  without  salt,  and  just 
skimming  off  the  curdy  part,  when  melted  over  a 
clear  fire,  give  two  spoonfuls  of  the  clarified  re- 
mainder, tVvice  or  thrice  within  a  day,  to  the  per- 
son so  affected.  This  has  never  failed  to  make  al^ 
rnobt  an  instant  cure. 

 4:— 

51.  For  the  Dysentery  ^  Colera^  or  Fo?mting, 

TAKE  oil  of  pennyroyal,  two  drops  to  a  table- 
spoonful  of  molasses,  syrup  or  honey  ;  after  being 
well  stirred  up,  let  one  tea-spoonful  be  administer- 
ed every  hour  until  it  has  the  desired  effect,  which 
from  experience,  I  can  safely  assure  the  public, 
will  be  found  in  every  case  of  the  above  disorder^  tg 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


3^ 


be  a  speedy  and  certain  cure.  For  a  grov/n  person, 
the  dose  may  bi^  doubled,  and  given  in  the  same 
manner*  From  an  Old  lady. 

62.  An  Infallible  Cure  for  the  St.  Jiithomfs  Fire. 

I  x\M  neither  pliysician,  surgeon,  apothecary  nor 
nostrum-monger,  (says  a  correspondent)  but  totally 
ignorant  of  the  materia  rncdica,  except  tliat  I  have 
swallowed  large  draughts  of  it,  to  care  me  of  pain- 
ill!  returns  of  St.  Anthony's  Fire  at  spring  and  fall. 
In  vain,  alas  !  did  I  swallow  ;  for  the  saint  was  con- 
stant in  iiis  visit  at  the  accustomed  time,  notwith- 
standing the  repeated  prophecies  of  niy  doctor  and 
apothecaries  to  the  contrary.  Fortunately  for  me, 
ten  years  since,  I  was  favoured  with  a  visit  from  a 
good  lady,  during  the  spring  confinement.^  v/ho  told 
me,  if  I  w^culd  at  the  time,  take  the  elder  tree  blos- 
soms and  in  the  spring  of  the  year,  at  each  season, 
for  a  month,  drink  every  morning  fasting,  half  a 
pint  of  elder  fiov/er  tea,  and  the  same  in  the  after- 
noon, that  it  v/ould  drown  the  sairit.  The  next 
season  of  the  elder  tree  blossoming,  I  followed  her 
advice,  as  also  the  spring  following,  and  have  done 
so  these  nine  years  ;  since  which  time,  the  saint  has 
not  tormented  me  in  the  least.  I  have  recommi end- 
ed this  tea,  from  my  e:^perience  of  its  efucacy,  to 


40 


tlSEFUt  RECEIPTS. 


ten  of  my  felloY^-sulTerers  since  my  ov/n  case,  every* 
one  of  whom  has  found  it  a  specific  remedy. 

When  the  elder  tree  is  in  blossom,  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  the  flowers  should  be  gathered,  in  a  dry 
day,  and  dried  with  great  care  for  the  spring  use. 
The  tea  is  made,  by  pouring  a  quart  of  boiling  wa- 
ter on  two  handfuls  of  elder  flowers,  when  green  ; 
a  less  quantity  will  do  when  dry.  It  may  be  drank 
hot  or  cold,  as  best  suits  the  stomach.  Each  sin- 
gle blossom  is  not  to  be  picked  off,  but  the  heads 
from  the  main  stalks. 

— 4' — 

53.  For  St,  jinthony^s  Fire^ 

TAKE  a  purge  ;  and  anoint  with  the  marrow  of 
mutton. 

^  

54.  An  admirable  Recipe  for  a  Consimption. 

TAKE  of  Madeira,  (or  good  generous  moun* 
tain)  wine,  two  quarts  ;  balsam  of  Gilead, 
two  ounces  ;  albanum  in  tears,  (grossly  powdered) 
two  ounces,  flowers  of  Benjamin  half  an  ounce,^  let 
the  mixture  stand  three  or  four  days  near  the  fire,  fre- 
quently shaking;  then  addtheretO;of  Narbonne  honey 


4} 


four  ounces,  extract  of  Canadian  mciiclen  hair  eight 
ounces,  shake  the  bottle  well,  and  strain  off  the  li- 
quor. The  dose  two  tea-spoonfuls,  to  be  taken 
once  in  four  hours,  in  t^olt-foot  tea  or  v/ater,  sweet- 
ened with  capiilaire. 

N,  B.  The  Canadian  maiden-hair,  which  we  now 
import  from  thence  in  gi'eat  pk-nty  is  inunitely  su- 
perior to  that  v/hich  grov/s  in  England.  A  strong 
infusion  made  of  this  herb,  sv/eeteried  with  honey 
or  sugar  candy,  is  the  best  ptizan  which  can  possi- 
bly l)e  drank  by  consumptive  people,  and  v/iil  of  it- 
self cure  any  recent  cough. 


55.  Cure  for  the  Heart -Burn, 

EAT  two  or  three  meats  of  peach-stones,  of  any 
kind  of  peach,  and  it  will  effect  a  cure  immediately. 
Those  which  are  dry  are  preferable. 


mOM  A  VIRGINIA  PAPER. 

56.  Irt fallible  and  Effectual  Cure  for  the  Stone. 

THROUGH  the  channel  of  your  paper  I  request 
a  publication  of  the  following  cure  for  the  stone  by 

O  2 


42  USEFUL  RECEIPTS* 

dissolution.  The  p^entleman  by  wliosc  consent  and 
desire,  and  upon  whose  authority  the  subsequent 
facts  are  offered  to  the  public,  is  a  Mr.  Richard 
Major,  of  Loudon  county,  in  this  state,  minister 
of  the  baptist  society  ;  a  man  of  integrity,  and  much 
respected.  Beinf^  in  company  with  him  a  few  days 
ago,  I  had  the  following  relation  from  his  own 
mouth  : — . 

That  having  for  a  number  of  years  been  afflicted 
T/ith  that  painful  disease,  he  was  at  length  inform- 
ed that  a  certain  physician,  his  liarne  unknown,  la- 
bouring under  the  same  disease,  being  at  Berk- 
ley sprirg,  a  negro  man  there  profferred  to 
cure  him  :  This  he  at  first  disregarded,  but 
expecting  a  speedy  dissohition  unless  some  aid 
could  be  obtained,  afterwards  sent  for  the  negro, 
who  agreed  to  cure  him  for  three  pounds.  lie  ac- 
cordingly undertook,  and  in  a  short  time  efiectualiy. 
eradicated  the  disorder.  The  physician  then  gave 
him  his  clioice  of  freedom  by  purchase  in  lieu  of 
the  contract  betv,'ixt  them,  on  condition  he  would 
disclose  the  means  of  tlic  cure  ;  to  w^hich  the  slave 
agreed.  The  receipt  is  the  expressed  juice  of 
horse-mint  and  red  onions  ;  one  gill  of  each  to  be 
taken  morning  and  evening  till  the  complaint  be  re- 
moved. That  he,  Mr.  Major,  being  urged  to  a  tri- 
al of  the  above-mentioned  remedy,  submitted  to  it-, 
though  with  some  reluctunce,  as  he  conceived  his 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


43 


term  of  life  to  be  but  short  at  most.  Not  having  it 
in  his  power  to  procure  green  mint,  so  as  to  get 
the  juice,  he  used  instead  thereoff  a  strong  decoc- 
tion of  the  dried  herb  :  in  other  respects  strictly  ad- 
hering to  the  prescription,  which  had  the  desired 
effect.  He  began  the  experiment  in  August,  and 
within  a  week  he  had  occular  demonstration  of  dis- 
solution by  the  slightest  touch  of  a  particle  that  had 
passed  from  him,  which  continued  so  to  do  without 
pain  or  the  least  obstruction,  until  the  stone  was  en- 
tirely dissolved,  and  the  cure  coropleatly  effected 
before  the  ensuing  spring.  That  from  the  time  the 
disorder  began  to  yield  as  aforesaid,  lie  daily  reco- 
vered his  health,  strength  .^and  flesh,  and  was  in 
as  good  plight  as  ever,  ag^e  excepted,  being  at  the 
time  seventy  two  years  of  age,  with  an  appearance 
corresponoiing  with  his  own  account  ;  and  as  he 
farther  said^  without  the  slightest  attack  of  the  dis- 
order from  the  time  he  began  to  use  the  above 
means  of  cure.  This,  at  his  request,  is  communi- 
cated to  the  public  by 

DANIEL  ROBERDIEU, 

 #— 

57.  Indiem  Method  cf  Curing  Sfiitting  cf  Blocd, 
[Communicated  in  a  letter  to  the  late  Doctor  Mead.] 
THE  following  case  is  a  very  extraordinary  onef 


44 


USEFUL  R EC  Gifts. 


but  I  know  the  gentleman  to  be  a  man  of  veracity ) 
and  had  this  accomit  from  his  own  mouth.  lie 
was  of  a  thm,  hectic  constilution,  and  laboured  un- 
der a  troublesome  puhnonary  coug;h  for  some  years  ; 
at  last  he  was  taken  with  an  hxmoptce,  for  Avhich  he 
had  the  best  advice  he  could  get  in  Maryland,  h\\t 
grew  rather  worse  under  the  care  of  two  physicians 
who  attended  him  for  several  months  ;  and  at  last 
he  was  prevailed  upon  to  put  himself  under  the  care 
of  a  negro  fellow,  who  is  the  Ward  of  Maryland  : 
for  he  has  the  reputation  of  performing  some  extra- 
ordinary cures,  though  nature  has  the  chief  claim 
to  tbem  :  but  indeed  this  was  not  the  Ccse  here.--. 
In  short,  he  advised  the  gentleman  to  go  into  a 
warm  bath  twice  a  day,  and  sit  up  to  his  chin  in 
it,  for  two  or  three  minutes  at  a  time7  and  to  wear 
flannel  next  to  his  skin.  This  method  soon  reliev- 
ed the  gentleman  ;  and  when  I  left  Maryland,  which 
was  about  seven  or  eight  years  after  the  cure,  he  re- 
mained free  from  his  hsemoptoe,  eased  very  much 
of  his  cough;  and  went  through  a  good  deal  of  ej^er- 
cise. 

 #  

58.  .4  Receifit  for  Bitters  to  ^ir event  the  Fever 
aiid  Jgue^  a7id  all  other  Fall  Fevers, 

TAKE  of  common  meadow  calamus  cut  into 
small  pieces,  of  rue,  wormwoQd  camomile; 


tJSEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


45 


or  centaury,  or  hoar-hound,  of  each  tv/o  ounces, 
add  to  them  a  quart  of  spring  water,  and  take  a  wine 
glass  full  of  it  every  morning  fasting.  This  clieap 
and  excellent  infusion  is  far  more  eflectual  than  raw 
spirits,  in  preventing  fevers,  and  never  subjects  the 
person  who  uses  it,  to  an  offensive  breath,  or  to  the 
danger  of  contracting  a  love  for  spirituous  liquors. 



59.  A  certain  Cure  for  Corns, 

TAKE  two  ivy  leaves  and  put  them  into  vinegar 
for  twenty-four  hours  ;  apply  one  of  them  to  the 
corn,  and  when  you  End  its  virtue  extracted,  apply 
the  other,  and  it  will  eiiectually  and  speedily  re- 
move the  corn  without  the  least  pain. 

60.  To  make  the  most  cheep  and  simple  Electric 
Machine, 

TAKE  a  piece  of  plank  eighteen  or  twenty  inch- 
es square,  place  two  small  posts  at  a  distance  that 
Avill  take  the  length  of  a  bottle  that  will  hold  perhaps 
a  quart  ;  the  bottle  must  be  round,  and  of  fiint 
glass,  (they  may  be  had  at  the  apothecaries  for  Ss. 
or  3s.  6d.)  put  in  a  hard  wooden  stopple,  at  the  oth- 
er end  stick  on  a  piece  of  hard  wood  with  any  glu- 


45 


USEFUL  llECEirxS 


tirious  matter,  such  asslioemaker's  wax  cr  theiike  ; 
make  a  small  hole  in  the  center  of  thi^  wood f  and 
the  stopple,  to  receive  two  points  which  come  thro' 
the  posts  ;  thus  the  bottle  being  himr^  in  a  rolling 
position,  l.  t  a  band  go  round  the  neck,  and  be  con- 
veyed to  a  wheel,  eight  or  nine  inches  over,  w^hicli 
turns  with  a  crank.  Then  take  an  ci^j^iu  ounce  vi- 
al, coat  it  inside  and  out  v/ith  tin  foil  ;  this  may  be 
stuck  on  with  st'lT  glue  or  candied  oil  ;  the  vial 
mubt  have  a  large  nose,  or  it  will  be  diffic^ilt  to 
coat  the  inside  ;  cork  it  tight,  havino;  a  wire  run 
Lhrough  the  middle  of  the  cork  with  a  common 
leaden  bullet  on  the  top  ;  bind  the  wire  so  that  the 
ball  may  come  within  hi-lf  an  inch  of  the  cylinder  or 
lai^ge  bcttle  ;  place  it  in  the  center  of  the  cylinder, 
then  hciving  a  piece  of  d:ci-skin  leather  sewed  up 
and  stalled  in  form  of  a  pincushion, .  having  amal- 
gam rubbed  on  one  side,  hold  it  to  the  cylinder  cp- 
I  CL'te  to  the  ball  ;  put  the  machine  in  motion,  and 
the  fire  will  collect  and  iill  the  small  vial.  To  take 
a  shock,  hold  the  vial  where  it  is  coated  with  one 
hand,  touch  the  ball  with  the  ether.  If  a  number 
pf  persons  wish  to  take  a  b'  ock  at  once,  the  person 
at  one  end  of  the  circle  holds  the  vial,  whilst  that  on 
the  other  touches  the  ball  ;  the  vial  must  not  be- 
coated  within  one  inch  of  the  top. 

To  make  amalgam,  take  half  an  ounce  of  speltar, 
melt  it;  mix  with  it  half  an  ounce  of  quick-silver  ; 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


47 


whilst  warm,  grind  it  to  a  powder.  This  machine 
•is  very  useful  where  a  stagnation  of  blood,  or  any 
kind  of  numbness  has  taken  place  ;  for  sudden  pahi, 
Sec.  The  writer  has  reason  to  speak  well  or  this 
machine,  as  it  was  one  time  the  means  of  sav^^ig,-  his 
life.  It  is  sincerely  wished  that  a  physician  or 
some  other  person  v/ould  kveep  one  in  each  town  ; 
the  expellee  is  no  more  than  seven  or  eiglit  siiil« 
lings. 

 4,  

61.  To  Cure  Children  in  the  worst  stage  of  Into x-. 
ication, 

THE  writer  has  tv/ice  knov/n  the  instance  of 
children,  insensible  of  the  effect  of  spirituous  li- 
quor,drinking  tothat  degree  that  life  was  despaired  of. 
On  their  being  placed  in  a  tub  of  warm  v/ater  Qver 
their  hips,  and  a  tea-kettle  of  cold  v/ater  bein^- pour- 
ed on  their  head,  they  imtr  lately  recovered,  ;:nd 
are  now  in  perfect  health.  If  this  receipt 
may  be  the  means  of  saving  the  life  of  but  one  child 
in  the  course  of  tim.e,  the  v/ritcr  will  think  himself 
richly  paid  for  his  trouble. 

■  O  

62,  Cure  for  the  Jgue, 
DRINK  the  decoctioiij  (that  is  the  boiling  of  any 


4S  USErUL  R£CEIi;»TS» 

herb)  of  camomile,  and  sweeten  it  with  treacle ; 
which  drink  when  warm  in  bed,  and  SAveattwo  hours* 
Or,  to  the  wrists  apply  a  mixture  of  rue,  mustard> 
and  chimney  soot,  by  way  of  plaister. 

'  — - 

63.  Cure  for  Almonds  of  the         fallen  down, 

TAKE  a  little  bole  armniac  in  powder,  and  with 
it  mix  some  Venice  turpentme,  and  spread  it  on 
sheep's  leather,  as  broad  as  a  stccy,  and  apply  it  un^ 
der  the  throat  from  ear  to  ear, 

64,    A  Cu7^e  for  Frost  Bitten  Feet, 

TAKE  the  fat  of  a  dung-hill  fowl,  and  rub  the 
place  or  places  affected  with  it,  morning  and  event- 
ing, over  a  warm  fire  ;  at  the  same  time  wrapping 
a  piece  of  woollen  cloth,  well  greased  with  the  said 
fat,  round  the  frost  bitten  parts.  In  two  or  three 
days  they  will  feel  no  pain,  and  in  five  or  six  days 
will  be  quite  cured. 

JsTote.—li  the  inner  bark  of  elder,  or  the  leaves 
of  plantain,  are  first  simmered  in  said  fat,  it  will  be 
the  better. 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


49 


65.  To  Cure  the  Asthma^  or  Shortness  of  Breath. 

TAKE  a  quart  of  aqua  vitse,  one  ounce  of  anni- 
ieed  bruised,  one  ounce  of  liquorice"  sliced,  and  half 
a  pound  of  stoned  rafsins  ;  let  them  steep  ten  days 
in  the  abovementioned,  then  pour  it  off  into  a  bottle, 
^vith  two  spoonfuls  of  fine  sugar,  and  stop  it  very 
close* 


66.    Method  of  making  Afiple  Brandy. 

THE  following  receipt  for  making  Apple  Bran- 
dy, was  communicated  by  Joseph  Cooper,  esq.  of 
Cloucester  county,  New-Jersey,  accompanied  with 
a  specimen  of  the  liquor,  made  in  the  manner  he 
represented.  The  hquor  is  mild,  mellow  and  pleas- 
ant ;  and  greatly  superiour  to  apple  spirits  procured 
by  the  common  process. 

Put  the  cider,  previous  to  distilling,  into  vessel  ^ 
fi^ee  from  must  or  smell,  and  keep  it  till  ill  the  state 
which  is  commonly  called  good,  sound  cider  ;  lent 
not  till  sour,  as  that  lessens  the  quantity  and  injures 
the  quality  of  the  spirit.  In  the  distillation,  let  it 
run  perfectly  cool  from  the  worm,  and  in  the  first 
time  of  distilling,  not  longer  than  it  will  flash  when 
cast  on  the  still  head  and  a  lighted  candle  applied 
P 


50 


XJSKFUL  RECEIPTS. 


under  it.  In  the  second  distillation,  shift  the  vessel 
as  soon  as  the  spirit  runs  below  proof,  or  has  a  dis- 
agreeable smell  or  taste,  and  put  what  runs  after 
with  the  low  wines.  By  this  method,  the  spirit,  if 
distilled  from  good  cider,  will  take  nearly  or  quite 
one  third  of  its  quantity  to  bring  it  to  proof  ;  for 
v/hich  purpose,  take  the  last  running  from  a  cheese 
of  good  water  cider,  direct  from  the  press,  un fer- 
mented, and  in  forty-eight  hours  the  spirit  will  be 
milder  and  better  flavoured  than  in  several  yeai^s 
standing  if  manufactured  in  the  common  way. 
When  the  spirit  is  drawn  off,  which  may  be  done  in 
five  or  six  days,  there  will  be  a  jelly  at  the  bottom^ 
which  may  be  distilled  again,  or  put  into  the  best, 
cider,  or  used  for  making  cider  royal,  it  being  bet- 
ter for  the  Y>nrpose  than  the  clear  spirit,  as  it  will 
greatly  facilitate  in  refining  the  liquor. 

JOSEPH  COOPER, 


57.  A  most  excellent  Method  of  inaking  Butter^  m 
now  practised  in.  England^  which  effectally  pre^ 
vents  its  changing  and  becoming  rank* 

THE  day  before  churning,  scald  the  cream  in  a 
clean  iron  kettle,  over  a  clear  fire,  taking  care  that 
it  does  not  boil  over.  As  soon  as  it  begins  to  boil, 
or  is  sufficiently  scalded,  strain  it;  \vheu  tlie  parti? 


Useful  receipts. 


51 


cies  of  milk  which  tend  to  sour  and  change  the  but- 
ter are  separated  and  left  behind.  Put  the  vessel  in 
which  it  was  strained  in  a  tub  of  water,  in  a  cellar, 
till  next  morning,  when  it  will  be  ready  for  churn- 
ing, and  become  butter  in  less  than  a  quarter  of  the 
time  required  by  the  common  method.  It  will  also 
be  hard,  with  a  peculiar  additional  sweetness,  and, 
will  not  change.  The  labor  in  this  way  is  less  than 
the  other,  as  the  butter  comes  so  much  sooner,  and 
saves  so  much  labor  in  working  out  the  buttermilk. 
By  this  method,  good  butter  may  be  madci  in  the 
hottest  Weather. 

,  4,  . 

68.  Good  Cider*  as  easily  made  as  ^ad. 

TO  make  cider  of  early  or  late  fruit,  that  will 
keep  a  length  of  time,  without  the  trouble  of  fre- 
quent  drawing  off — Take  the  largest  cask  you  have 
on  your  farm,  from  a  barrel  upwards  ;  put  a  few 
sticks  in  the  bottom,  in  the  manner  that  house-v/ive^ 
set  a  lye  cask,  so  as  to  raise  a  vacancy  of  two  or 
three  inches  from  the  bottom  of  the  cask  ;  then  lay 
over  these  sticks  either  a  clean  old  blanket,  or  if  tha^ 
be  not  at  hand,  a  quantity  of  sv/indlino-  flax,  so  as 
to  make  a  coat  of  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  thick, 
then  put  in  so  much  cleaned  washed  sand,  frora  a 
beach  or  road,  as  will  cover  about  six  or  eight  inches 


52 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


in  depth  of  your  vessel ;  pass  all  your  cider  from  the 
press  through  a  table  cloth,  suspended  by  the  cor- 
ners, which  will  take  out  the  pummice  ;  and  pour 
the  liquor  gently  upon  the  sand,  through  which  it 
must  be  suffered  to  filter  gradually,  and  as  it  runs 
off  by  a  tap  inserted  in  your  vessel,  in  the  vacancy 
made  by  the  sticks  at  the  bottom,  it  will  be  found 
by  thi&  easy  method,  as  clear  as  cider  can  be  ex- 
pected by  the  most  laborious  process  of  refining  ; 
and  all  the  mucilaginous  matter,  which  causes  the 
fermentation  and  souring  of  cider,  will  be  se- 
parated so  as  to  prevent  that  disagreeable  conse- 
quence. 

N.  B.  Other  methods  may  be  easily  invented  for 
passing  the  cider  through  the  sand,  which  is  the  on- 
ly essential  part  of  the  above  process. 

69.  A  Method  of  making  Currant  Wine^  which  ha$ 
been  firactised  by  many  and  found  to  be  genuine^ 

[Extracted  from  the  Transactions  of  the  Philosophical 
Society  of  Philadelphia.] 

GATHER  your  currants  when  full  ripe  ;  break 
them  well  in  a  tub  or  vat  ;  press  and  measure  your 
juice  ;  add  two  thirds  water,  and  to  each  gallon  of 
mixture,  (juice  said  water)  put  three  pounds  of 


tfSEFUL  ai:CEIPTS. 


BiiiS(.jvad.j  Sill  gar,  tlie  cleaner  and  drier  the  better  ; 
very  coarse  sugar,  first  ciariiied,  will  do  equally  as 
well  :  stir  it  vv'ell,  till  the  sugar  is  well  dissolved, 
and  then  bung  it  up.  Your  juice  should  not  stand  o- 
ver  night  if  you  can  possibly  help  it,  as  it  should 
not  ferment  before  mixtvu'e.  Observe  tliat  your 
caL>k  be  s\,\:;-:  uud  clean.  Do  not  be  prevailed  on  to 
add  mo\x  tl^an  cne  third  of  juice,  as  above  prescrib- 
ed, for  tiiat  would  render  it  infallibly  hard  and  un- 
pleasant:  nor  yet  a  greater  proportion  of  sugar,  as 
it  M  ill  certainly  deprive  it  of  its  pure  vinous  taste. 

OF  MAKING  SUNDRY  SORTS  OF  BRITISH 
WINES. 

TO.  Currant  IVl/ie. 

PICK  the  currants  (when  they  are  full  ripe)  clean 
from  the  stalks,  then  put  them  into  an  earthen  ves- 
sel, and  pour  on  them  fair  and  clean  hot  water,  that 
is,  a  quart  of  v/ater  to  a  gallon  of  currants  ;  then 
bruir>e  or  marsh  them  together,  and  let  them  stand 
and  ferment  ;  then  cover  them  for  twelve  hours, 
strain  them  through  fine  linen  into  a  large  earthen 
crock,  (as  they  say  in  Sussex)  and  then  put  the  li- 
quor into  a  cask,  and  thereto  put  a  little  ale-yeast  j 

Pa 


51 


irSEFUL  RECEIPTS, 


and  when  worked  and  settled,  bottle  it  off.  This 
is  exceeding  pleasant,  and  very  wholesome  for  cool- 
ing the  blood.  In  a  week's  time  it  will  be  fit  for 
bottlinij. 

 4,  , 

71,  Artificial  Claret. 

TAKE  six  gallons  of  water,  two  gallons  of  the 
test  cider,  and  thereto  put  eight  pounds  of  the  best 
Malaga  raisins  bruised  ;  let  them  stand  close  cover- 
ed in  a  warm  place  for  two  weeks,  sth-ring  them  eve- 
ry two  days  w^ell  together  ;  then  press  out  the  liquor 
into  a  vessel  again,  and  add  to  it  a  quart  of  the  juice 
of  barberries,  (which  perhaps  is  best)  to  which  put 
a  pint  of  the  juice  of  black  cherries  :  work  it  up 
with  mustard  seed  covered  with  bread  paste  for 
three  or  four  days,  by  the  fire  side  ;  after  which,  let 
it  stand  a  Vv^eek  ;  then  bottle  it  off,  and  it  will  be- 
come near  as  good,  if  not  so  as  to  exceed,  common 
rlaret. 

— ^ — 

72.  Gooseberry  Wine, 

THE  best  way  is  to  take  for  every  three 
pounds  of  fruit  one  pound  of  sugar,  and  a 
quart  of  fair  water  ;  boil  the  water  very  well, 
but  you  must  put  in  the   aforesaid  quantity  of 


¥SEFUL  RECEIPTS, 


•55 


sugar  when  it  is  boiled  ;  bruise  the  fruit,  and 
steep  it  twenty-four  hours  in  the  water  ;  stir  it 
some  time,  then  strain  it  off,  and  put  the  sugar  to 
it,  and  let  it  stand  in  a  runlet  close  stopped  for  a  fort* 
night  ;  then  draw  it  off,  and  set  it  up  in  a  cellar^ 
and,  in  two  months,  it  will  be  fit  to  drink. 

 #  

73.  Rasjiberry  Wine. 

TAKE  the  raspberries  clear  from  the  stalks  ;  to 
a  gallon  of  v/hich  put  a  bottle  of  white-wine,  and  let 
them  infuse  in  an  earthen  vessel  two  or  three  days 
close  covered  ;  then  bruise  the  berries  in  the  wine, 
and  stram  them  through  fine  linen  gently  ;  then  let 
it  simmer  over  a  moderate  fire  ;  skim  off  the  froth, 
and  then  strain  it  again,  and,  with  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  loaf  sugar  to  a  gallon,  let  it  settle  ;  then, 
in  half  a  pint  of  white  wine,  boil  an  ounce  of  well 
scented  cinnamon,  and  a  little  mace,  and  put  the 
wine,  strained  from  the  spice,  into  it,  and  bottle  it 
up. 

 4,  

74.  Damson  VVhie, 

DRY  the  damsons  in  an  oven  after  you  have  tak- 
en out  your  bread,  then  to  every  quart  of  damsons 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


put  three  quarts  of  fair  water,  but  fu'st  boil  it  very- 
well  ;  then  put  the  water  aud  damsons  iiito  a  runlet 
with  sugar  ;  and  having  stood  a  tlaie  suLlkientj  bot- 
tle it  oif. 

7  5  •  Ft  7?/  c  of  G  rap  es , 

WHEN  they  are  fully  ripe,  in  a  dry  day,  pick 
oiT  those  grapes  that  are  ripest  ;  and  squeeze  them 

in  a  vat  or  press  i^iade  Kn  iLat  liU^po;.:  ^  hi  which 
must  be  a  Hae  canvas  bag  to  contain  the  grapes, 
and  v/hen  in  tiie  press  do  not  squeeze  them  so  liai  d 
as  to  break  the  seeds  if  you  can  help  it  ;  bt  caiite 
the  bruised  seeds  will  give  th^  v-'.^-  a  cUsafri^eeable 
taste  :  then  strain  it  well,  ?.Lid  it',  it  s-u!e  on  the 
kes  in  such  a  cask  or  vei:;scl  as  you  may  draw  it  off, 
without  ralsi.^g  the  bottom  ;  then  season  a  crsk  well 
with  some  scdding  water,  and  dry  it  or  scent  it  with 
a  linen  rag  dipped  in  brimstone,  by  fixing  it  at  the 
bouge,  by  the  bung  or  cork  ;  then  put  the  w  ine  in- 
to it,  and  stop  it  close  for  forty-e"ght  hours  ;  then 
give  it  vent  at  the  bouge,  with  a  hole  nmdc  with  a 
gimlet  ;  in  which  put  a  peg  or  fj.wcet,  that  rnay  be 
easily  moved  with  the  nngers  :  thcD,  in  iiLcut  two 
days  time,  it  will  be  fit  for  drinking,  aad  prove  al- 
most as  good  as  French  wme. 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


57 


76.  TVine  of  ^traivberries  or  Raspberries. 

MASH  the  berries,  and  put  them  Into  a  Imenbag, 
as  aforesaid  said  for  the  grapes,  and  squeeze  them 
into  a  cask,  and  then  let  it  work  as  in  the  aforesaid 
grape  receipt.  Sec.  In  this  manner  may  cherry 
wine  be  made  ;  but  then  you  must  break  the  seeds, 
contrary  to  what  was  said  before  concerning  the 
grapes. 

— * — 

77.  A  short  ivay  for  Cherry  Wine. 

SQUEEZE  the  juice  of  cherries  into  a  cask,  and 
thereto  put  a  small  quantity  of  sugar,  correspond- 
ing to  the  quantity  of  juice  ;  and  when  stood  a 
month,  it  will  be  a  pleasant  liquor. 


78.  Black  Cherry  Wine. 

IN  the  same  manner,  take  a  gallon  or  more  of 
the  juice  of  black  cherries,  and  keep  it  in  a  vessel 
close  stopped  till  it  works  ;  and  after  it  is  fine,  add 
an  ounce  of  sugar  to  each  quart,  and  a  pint  of  White 
wine* 

•0 


18 


USEFUL  RECEI?TS. 


79.  ]M.ad. 

TAKE  six- gallons  of  water,  and  thereto  put  six 
quarts  of  honey,  stUTing  it  till  the  honey  be  tho- 
roughly mixed  ;  then  set  it  over  the  fire,  and  when 
ready  to  boil,  scum  it  very  well  :  then  put  to  it  a 
quarter  of  an  ounce  of  mace,  and  as  much  ginger, 
and  half  an  ounce  of  nutmegs,  some  sweet  marjo- 
l^am,  thyme,  and  sweet  briar,  together  a  handful  : 
then  boil  them  in  the  liquid,  then  let  it  stand  by  till 
cold,  and  then  barrel  il  up  for  use^ 

 4.   . 

80.    To  make  Beer^  nvithout  MaU, 

TAKE  thirteen  gallons  of  water,  boil  and  scuna 
it,  put  two  pounds  of  brown  sugar  and  two  pounds 
of. treacle  to  it  ;  boil  them  together  half  an  hoiir, 
strain  the  hquor  thro'  a  sieve,  and  put  to  it  a  penny 
worth  or  two  of  baum,  when  cold  ;  work  it  a  day  and 
a  niglit,  then  turn  it  :  let  it  stand  m  the  barrel  a 
day  and  a  night,  then  bottle  it,  and  put  into  each 
bottle  a  tea-spoon  full  of  brown  sugat*. 

- — 4* — 

8 1 .    For  Jireserving  J{ifil€S  thro^  the  nvinter, 
THE  secret  of  prebcrving  apples  through  thf 


trSEFUL  ^RECEIPTS. 


winter,  in  a  sound  state,  is  of  no  small  importance. 
Some  say  that  shutting  them  up  in  a  tight  cask  is  an 
cflTeGtual  method,  and  it  seems  probable  ;  for  they 
soon  rot  in  open  air.  But  an  easier  method,  and 
what  has  recommended  itself  to  me  by  tlie  experi- 
ence of  several  years,  is  as  follows  : — 

I  gather  them  about  noon,  at  the  fi:Ii  of  the  moon, 
in  the  latter  part  of  September  or  beginning  of  Oc- 
tober.   Then  spread  them  in  a  chamber  or  garret, 

where  they  lie  till  about  the  last  of  November  

Then  remove  them  into  casks  or  boxes,  in  the  cel- 
lar, out  of  the  way  of  the  frost ;  but  I  prefer  a  cool 
part  of  the  cellar.  With  this  management  I  find  I 
can  keep  them  till  the  last  of  May,  so  well  that  not 
one  in  fifty  will  rot. 


82.  To  pickle  Cucumbers j  green. 

WASH  them,  and  dry  them  in  a  cloth  ;  then 
take  water,  vinegar,  salt,  fennel  tops,  some  dill-tops, 
and  a  little  mace  ;  make  it  sharp  enough  for  taste  ; 
then  boil  it  awhile,  then  take  it  off  and  let  it  stand 
till  cold  ;  then  put  it  in  the  cucumbers  and  stop  the 
j^essel  close,and  within  a  week  they  will  be  fit  for  use. 


60 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


83.    7b  fiickle  French  Beans. 

TAKE  them  while  young,  and  cut  off  the  stalks, 
then  take  good  vinegar  and  boil  it  with  pepper 
and  salt  ;  season  it  to  your  palate,  and  let  it  stand 
till  cold  ;  then  take  the  beans  and  put  them  into  a 
stone  jar,  placing  dill  between  the  layers,  and  then 
put  in  the  pickle,  and  cover  them  close  for  three 
weeks  ;  then  take  the  pickle  and  boil  it  again,  and 
put  it  into  the  beans  boiling  hot ;  cover  them  close, 
jind  when  cold  they  will  be  fit  to  eat. 

Or,  French  beans  may  be  pickled  thus  :  Take 
your  beans  and  string  them,  li^il  them  tender,  then 
take  them  off  and  let  them  stand  till  cold  ;  then  put 
them  into  pickle  of  vinegar,  pepper,  salt,  cloves, 
mace,  and  a  little  ginger. 


S4.    To  pickle  Walnuts^  to  eat  like  mangoes, 

T  AKE  green  walnuts,  before  the  shell  has  grown 
to  any  hardness  in  them  ;  pick  them  from  the 
stalks  and  put  them  into  cold  water,  and  set  them 
on  a  gentle  fire,  till  the  outward  skins  begm  to  peel 
off  ;  then,  with  coarse  cloth,  wipe  it  off ;  then  put 
them  into  a  jar,  and  put  water  and  salt  therein,  shift- 
ing it  once  a  day  for  ten  days,  till  the  bitterness  and 


ITSEFtJL  RECEIPTS. 


61 


discolouring  of  the  water  be  gone  ;  then  take  a  good 
quantity  of  mustard  seed,  which  beat  up  with  vine- 
gar, till  it  becomes  coarse  mustard  ;  then  take  some 
clove  of  garlic,  some  ginger,  and  a  little  cloves  and 
mace  ;  make  a  hole  in  each  nut,  and  put  in  a  little 
of  this  ;  then  take  white -wine  vinegar,  and  boil  them 
together,  which  put  to  the  nuts  boiling  hot,  with 
some  pepper,  ginger,  cloves  and  mace,  as  also, 
some  of  tiie  mustard  seed  and  garlick,  which  keep 
close  stopped  for  use. 


FIRST  blanch  them  over  the  crowns,  and  barb 
them  beneath  ;  then  put  them  into  a  kettle  of  boil- 
ing water,  then  take  them  forth  and  let  them  drain  ; 
when  they  are  cold,  put  them  into  your  jar  or  glass, 
and  put  to  them  cloves,  mace,  ginger,  nutmeg  and 
whole-pepper  ;  then  take  white-wine,  a  little  vine- 
gar, and  salt  ;  then  pour  the  liquor  into  the  mush- 
rooms, and  stop  them  close  for  use. 


86.  To  Pickle  Lemon  and  Orange  PeeU 

BOIL  them  in  vinegar  and  sugar,  and  put  them 
into  the  same  pickle  ;  observe  to  cut  them  into 


85.  To  Fickle  Mushrooms: 


62 


IJ,SEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


small  long  thongs,  the  length  of  half  the  peel  of 
your  lemon  ;  it  ought  to  be  boiled  in  water,  before 
it  is  boiled  in  vinegar  and  sugar. 

87.  To  Preserve  Fruit  green. 

TAKE  pippins,  apricots,  pears,  plumbs,  pr 
peaches,  when  they  are  green  ;  scald  them  in  hc>t 
water,  ai:id  peel  them  ;  then  put  them  into  another 
water,  not  so  hot  as  the  lirst  ;  then  boil  them  very 
tender,  and  take  the  weight  of  them  in  sugar,  and 
put  to  them  as  much  water  as  will  make  a  syiup  to 
cover  them  ;  then  boil  the  syrup  till  it  be  somewhat 
thick,  and  when  cold,  put  them  together. 

 ^  

83.  To  Preserve  Raspberries. 

TAKE  good  raspberries  that  are  not  too  ripe,  but 
very  v/hole  ;  take  away  the  stalks,  and  put  them  in- 
to a  Hat  bottomed  earthen  pan  ;  boil  sue!;ar,  and  pour 
it  over  your  raspbevries,  then  let  them  stand  to  be 
cool  ;  and  when  they  arc  cold,  pour  them  softly  in^ 
to  your  preserving  kettle  and  let  them  boil  tiU  your 
s>rup  be  boiled  pretty  thick  :  scum  them  very 
well  in  the  boiling  ;  this  done,  put  them  in  pots^an4 
when  cold,  coYor  them  up  close  for  use. 


\jSeful  hhceipts. 


BO,  To  Preserve  Barberries^ 

TAKE  one  pound  of  barberries  picked  from  the 
stalks,  put  them  in  a  pottle-pot,  and  set  it  in  a  brass 
pot  full  of  hot  water,  and  when  they  are  stewed, 
strain  them,  and  put  to  the  barberries  one  and  an 
half  pounds  of  sugar,  and  to  them  put  a  pint  of  rose- 
water,  and  boil  them  a  little  ;  then  take  half  a  pound 
of  the  filrest  clusters  of  barberries  you  can  get,  and 
dip  them  in  the  syrup  while  it  is  boiling ;  then  take 
the  barberries  out,  and  boil  the  syrup  till  it  is  tiiick, 
and  when  cold,  put  them  in  glasses  with  the  syrup. 

— 4» — 

90.  To  Preserve  Currants, 

LAY  a  layer  of  currants,  and  then  a  layer  of  su- 
gar, and  then  boil  them  together  as  before  prescrib- 
ed for  raspberries  ;  scum  them  in  boiling  till  the 
syrup  is  pretty  thick  ;  then  take  them  off,  and  when 
they  are  pretty  cold,  put  them  in  gallypots  or  glass- 
es closely  stopped. 

— 4>— 

91,  To  Preserve  Walnuts  green, 

BOIL  the  walnuts  till  the  water  tastes  bitter, 
then  take  them  off,  and  put  them  in  cold  water  5 


USEFUL  RECSrPTS. 


peel  off  the  bark,  and  weigh  as  much  sugar  as  thef 
weigh,  and  a  little  more  water  will  then  wet  the  su» 
gar  :  set  them  on  the  fire,  and  when  they  boil  up^ 
takei  them  off  ;  let  them  stand  two  days,  and  the^ 
l^oil  again., 

^  #  

92.  7b  Preserve  Cherries^ 

FIRST  take  some  of  the  worst  cherries,  and  boil 
them  in  fair  water,  and  when  the  liquor  is  well  co- 
loured, strain  it  ;  then  take  some  of  the  best  cher" 
ries,  with  their  weight  in  beaten  sugar;  then  lay 
one  layer  of  sugar,  and  another  of  cherries,  till  all 
is  laid  in  the  preserving  kettle  ;  then  pour  a  little  li- 
quor of  the  worst  of  cherries  into  it,  and  boil  the 
cherries  till  they  are  well  coloured  :  then  take  them 
up  and  boil  the  syrup  till  they  will  button  on  the 
side  of  a  plate  ;  and  when  they  are  cold,  put  thepi 
up  in  a  glass  close  covered  for  use, 

93.  To  Ca7idy  Cherries, 

TAKE  cherries  before  they  be  full  ripe,  and  take 
out  the  stones  :  then  take  clarified  sugar  boiled  to  a 
"height,  and  pour  it  on  them. 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS* 


65 


94.  Tq  Candy  Pearsy  Plumbs^  Jfiricots^  ijfc, 

TAKE  them,  and  give  every  one  a  cut  half 
through  ;  then  cast  sugar  on  them,  and  bake  them 
in  an  oven,  as  hot  as  for  manchet,  close  stopped  ; 
let  them  stand  half  an  hour,  then  lay  them  one  by- 
one  upon  glass  plates  to  dry,  and  they  will  appear 
very  fine  and  clear  :  in  this  manner  you  may  candy 
any  other  fruit, 

95.  Of  Jellies.. 

LET  them  be  of  apples,  currants,  raspberries, 
Sec.  Take  out  the  clear  liquor  when  squeezed,  and 
boil  it  with  sugar  till  it  is  as  thick  as  a  jelly*  Then 
put  into  glasses,  and  cover  it  close. 


96.  j1  method  of  Presaging  Pggs, 

EGGS  keep  very  well  when^you  can  exclude  air  ; 
which  is  best  done  by  placing  a  grate  in  any  run* 
mng  Vv^ater,  and  putting  eggs,  as  the  hens  lay  thern^ 
on  the  upper  side  of  the  grate,  and  there  let  them 
lie,  covered  with  water,  till  you  are  going  to  use 


66 


VSEFUL  llECEIPTS. 


them,  ^vhen  you  will  find  them  as  good  as  if  they 
had  been  lain  that  day.  This  way  answers  much 
l)etter  than  greasing. ;  as  sometimes  one  place  is 
missed  which  spoils  the  whole  egg  :  even  those  that 
are  fresh  never  eat  so  well.  In  places  where  peo- 
ple are  afraid  their  eggs  will  be  stolen,  they  should 
make  a  chest  with  a  number  of  sUts  in  it,  that  the 
water  may  get  in  freely  ;  the  top  ©f  which  being 
above  the  water,  may  be  locked  down.  Mill-dams 
are  the  most  proper  for  these  chests  or  grates. 

N.  B.  The  water  must  continually  cover  "the 
eggs,  or  they  will  spoil. 

97.  To  Cure  Hanis^  as  is  firactised  in  Virginia. 

TAKE  6  pounds  of  fine  salt, 

3  pounds  of  brown  sugar,  or 
3  pints  of  molasses, 
1  pound  of  s?Jt-pelre  powdered  ; 
Mix  all  these  together,  to  serve  for  twenty-four 
hams  :  rub  each  ham  well  all  over  with  this  mix- 
ture, and  pack  them  down  in  a  cask  or  tub,  and  let 
them  so  remain  for  five  or  six  days  ;  then  turn 
them,  and  sprinkle  some  salt  lightly  over  them,  and 
so  let  them  remain  five  or  six  days  more,  then 
vidd  brine  or  pickle  strong  enough  to  bear  an  egg, 
and  let  them  remain  covered  with  it  for  a  montb> 
when  they  will  be  fit  to  smoak. 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


6f 


98.  Another  Modcy  equally  as  good  and  simple. 

TO  four  gallons  of  soft  river  water,  add  one 
pound  of  brown  sugar,  four  ounces  of  salt-petre,  and 
eight  pounds  of  coarse  salt.  Boil  all  these  togeth« 
er,  and  carefully  take  off  the  scum  as  it  rises  ;  when 
clear,  let  it  remain  till  cold,  then  pour  it  over  the 
meat  till  covered,  and  the  quantity  of  pickle  must 
be  increased  according  to  the  quantity  of  meat ;  the 
meat  must  not  be  presbed,  but  put  lightly  into  a 
cask,  and  remain  in  for  six  or  seven  weeks,  when 
it  will  be  fit  to  smoke. 

99.  For  a  water  to  Destroy  Bugs^  Flies^  Ants^ 

and  ether  insects^  on  tender  Idanis, 

[Invented  by  C.  Tatin,  Seedsman  and  Florist  at  Paris.] 

THE  receipt  for  this  valuable  composition,  and 
which  obtained  for  the  ingenious  author  a  reward 
from  the  Bureau  de  Consultam,  who  desired  it 
might  be  made  as  public  as  possible,  is  thus  given 
in  the  celebrated  Annales  de  Chimic  :~ 

Take  of  black  soap  four  ounces, 
Flour  of  sulphur  four  ounces, 
Miishrooms  of  any  kind  four  ounces^ 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS^. 


Water  wherein  dung  has  been  soaked, 
two  gallons  :  and  thus  in  proportion. 

Divide  the  water  into  equal  parts  ;  pour  one  part 
into  a  barrel,  vat  or  any  vessel  of  convenient  size  ; 
which  should  be  used  only  for  this  purpose  ;  let  the 
black  soap  be  stirred  in  it  till  it  is  dissolved,  and 
then  add  to  it  the  mushrooms  after  they  have  been 
slightly  bruised.  Let  the  remaining  half  of  the  wa- 
ter be  made  to  boil  in  a  kettle  :  put  the  whole  quan- 
tity of  sulphur  into  a  coarse  linen  cloth,  tie  it  vip 
with  a  thread  in  form  of  a  parcel,  and  fasten  it  to  a 
stone  or  other  weight,  to  make  it  sink  to  the  bot- 
tom. During  twenty  minutes,  being  the  time  that 
the  boiling  should  continue,  stir  it  well  with  a  stick, 
and  let  the  packet  of  sulphur  be  squeezed  so  as  to 
make  it  yield  to  the  water  all  its  power  and.  colour. 
The  effect  of  the  water  is  not  rendered  more  pow- 
erful by  increasing  the  quantity  of  ingredients. 
The  water,  when  taken  oiF  the  fire^  is  to  be  pour- 
ed mto  the  vessel,  with  the  remaining  water,  where 
it  is  to  be  stirred  a  short  time  with  a  stick  ;  this 
stirring  must  be  repeated  every  day,  till  the  mix- 
ture becomes  foetid,  (or  putrid)  in  the  highest  de- 
gree. Experience  shews,  that  the  older  and  more 
fcetid  the  composition  is,  the  mere  quick  is  its  ac- 
tion. It  is  necessary  to  take  care  to  stop  the  ves- 
sel well  every  time  the  mixture  is  stirred.  When 
we  wish  to  make  use  of  this  water,  we  need  onl  j 


tJSEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


6^ 


f^prinkle  it  on  the  plants,  or  plunge  their  branches 
into  it  :  but  the  best  manner  of  using  it,  is  to  eject 
it  on  them  with  a  syringe,  or  squirt  gun, 

— 4^ — 

100.  To  Kill  Lice  on  Cattle* 

TAKE  a  broad  woollen  list,  as  broad  as  your 
hand,  that  will  go  round  about  his  neck  ;  then  wet 
the  list  well  in  train-oil,  and  sew  it  about  the  beasts 
neck,  and  the  lice  will  come  to  it,  and  it  will  kill 
them  if  there  were  ever  so  many  ;  daub  some  about 
the  breast  in  several  places,  and  they  will  come  to 
it,  and  it  will  kill  them.  No  flies  in  summer  will 
come  near  any  wound  or  sore,  where  this  is  ap- 
plied, for  it  will  kill  them. 

.III 

101.  To  Destroy  Bugs^  and  rid  Houses  of  them, 

TO  remove  these  noisome  and  troublesome  ver- 
min, take  oil  of  turpentine,  wash  over  the  w^alls  and 
bedsteads  with  it,  or  particularly  where  there  are 
any  crevices,  cracks  or  crannies,  and  they  will  die 
away,  and  the  room,  after  some  time  using  it,  no 
more  be  pestered  v/ith  them. 

The  juice  of  wormwood  aiid  rue  is  very  good  to 


70  ¥SftFUL  RECEIPTS. 


wash  the  bedsteads,  crevices,  or  any  place  where 
you  suppose  they  are,  and  if  you  would  lie  safe  a* 
mong  thousands  ia  a  room,  rince  your  sheets  irs 
water,  wherein  sassafras  has  been  well  steeped,  and 
they  will  not  enter  upon  them  ;  or  you  may  lay 
that  wood  in  slices  among  your  linen,  and  it  will 
have  the  same  effect.  Keep  your  rooms  airy  ani 
tlean  always. 


AGRICULTURALv 
To  Farmers, 

i02.  .dn  easy  wet  hod  to  JireHerve  Wheat  a?id  Ry^ 
from  the  WeaviL 

AS  you  stack  wheat,  on  every  two  or  tliree  lay- 
ers of  sheaves,  spread  some  elder  leaves  and  branch- 
es. This  was  communicated  to  me  by  a  farmer, 
who  tried  the  experiment  v/ith  success  last  year. 
The  same  informant  adds,  that  he  has  read  in  histo- 
ry, thr.t  the  same  remedy  has  been  applied  in  Eu- 
rope, when  they  have  occasion  to  lay  up  a  seven 
year's  store,  kc.  As  the  remedy  is  easy,  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  farmers  will  avail  themselves  of  the  ad- 
vantage. Exporters  of  fiour  from  the  states  have 
uothing  so  much  to  fear.    Inspectors  of  flour  aught 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


71 


to  be  guarded  against  this  evil  ;  no  such  fiour 
ought  to  be  suffered  to  leave  the  states.  The  cre- 
dit of  our  Hour  abroad  depencTs  on  the  inspectors. 

N.  B.  Lime,  applied  as  abovcj  will  produce  the 
saxne  effect. 

,  rf,  

103.  To  fireserve  Indian  Corn  from  Birds  ^  ^Jfc\ 

TO  prevent  your  Indian  corn  v^hen  planted,  froin 
being  taken  up  by  birds  or  destroyed  by  worms  or 
insects,  take  about  one  pint  of  tar  to  a  bushel  of 
seed  corn,  and  in  the  like  proportion  for  a  greater 
quantity,  and  stir  it  well  together  till  every  grain 
receives  a  part  of  the  tar.  Thi3  will  effectually  an-" 
swer  the  purpose  required, 

— 

104.  For  LiQCulating  Fruit  Trees, 

AUGUST  and  September  are  the  proper  months 
to  innoculate  or  bud  most  kinds  of  fruit  trees  ;  an 
operation  that  every  landholder  should  have  sotne 
knowledge  of.  When  a  tree  has  finished  its  growth 
for  the  year,  a  bud  is  formed  at  the  very  tip  or  end 
of  the  twig  ;  which  denotes  that  it  is  in  a  proper 
^tate  to  bud  or  inoculate.    Some  trees  are  indeed 


/ 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS. 


jan  exception,  as  they  continue  growing  alniost  the 
whole  season,  and  may  be  budded  through  all  July 
and  August. 

With  a  sharp  knife,  slit  the  bark  of  any  twig  not 
more  than  half  an  inch  thick,  and  not  less  than  a 
quarter  of  an  inch.    Carefully  cut  through  the  bark, 
but  not  to  wound  the  wood  under  it.    Let  the  slit 
be  rather  more  than  an  inch  long.    In  like  manner 
cut  half  an  inch  long  across  this  slit,  at  the  bottom, 
so  that  the  two  cuts  through  the  bark  will  resemble 
a  X  bottom  upwards.    Then  take  a  bud  of  the  fruit 
you  wish  t-o  propagate,  with  its  bark  near  an  inch 
long,  taking  care  to  loosen  it  from  the  woody  part  of 
the  stem,  so  as  to  put  it  off  from  your  thumb  and 
finger,  separating  the  bark  and  the  eye  under  the 
bud  from  the  wood.    If  the  eye  is  left  on  the  wood, 
you  must  throw  by  the  bud  and  take  another.  Then 
insert  the  bud  under  the  jl,  before  described,  and 
bind  it  down  with  woollen  strings,  or  well  soaked 
strips  of  bark  of  bass  wood,  leaving  the  eye  of  the 
bud  to  the  air.    In  two  or  three  weeks,  the  bud  will 
tinite  with  the  stalks,  when  the  string  must  be  loos- 
ened.   The  stocks  may  be  cut  away  the  next  spring. 
This  method  is  on  many  accounts  better  than  graft- 
ing.   It  gives  the  farmer  another  chance,  provided 
his  grafts  fail  in  the  spring.    Stone  fruits  succeed 
only  or  best  with  inoculation.    Small  twigs,  too 
small  for  common  grafting,  answer  well— -and  above 


VSE^Ut  RECEIPTS. 


all,  in  this  Way,  very  little  injury  is  idone  to  the 
stock.  In  a  fruit  country,  this  method  ought  to  be 
well  understood.  A  correspondent  says,  that  cow- 
dung,  with  the  addition  of  a  very  little  salt,  is  a 
good  plaister  for  the  wounds  of  fruit  trees.  When 
large  limbs  are  cut  off,  the  stumps  should  be  cover- 
ed to  keep  out  the  air%  Too  much  salt  will  spoil 
the  tree. 


105.  To  take  Fihn  off  a  Horse's  Eyc^ 

BLACK  Pepper,  finely  ground,  and  sifted  tliro 
a  piece  of  gauze  ;  add  thereto  fine  ground  salt,  of 
each  as  much  as  will  lay  on  the  point  of  a  case 
knife,  mixing  them  well  together  ;  then  take  as 
anuch  dough  as  will  thinly  cover  an  ounce  ball, 
make  it  flat,  place  the  pepper  and  salt  thereon,  and 
roll  them  up,  making  the  same  about  the  size  of 
^n  ounce  ball  ;  then  put  it  as  low  down  as  possible 
an  the  off  ear,  fastening  the  ear  so  as  to  prevent  its 
falling  out.  The  above  takes  off  the  worst  of  films, 
and  no  way  injures  the  horse.  This  receipt  has 
been  used  ratany  years  in  this  place  with  the  great- 
est success. 


t4 


USEFUL  receipts; 


106.  A  Cure  for  Sheeti-Biiing . 


AN  intelligent  farmer  in  New- Jersey  seized  a 
dog  whi<:h  often  worried  and  bit  his  sheep.  He  tied 
the  leg  of  the  dog  by  a  tether  to  the  leg  of  a  strong 
active  ram,  and  placed  them  on  the  top  of  a  hill. 
The  ram  immediately  began  to  kick  and  butt  the 
dog,  Avho  after  a  little  snapping,  attempted  to  fly. 
The  tether  held  him,  so  that  the  ram  easily  over- 
took, kicked  and  butted  him.  After  a  short  time, 
the  ram,  e:Nxited  to  exertion,  raced  down  the  hill, 
and  forced  the  dog  after  him.  When  the  dog  was 
so  punished  as  not  to  forget  it,  he  was  let  loose,  and 
would  never  touch  a  sheep  afterwards. 


107.  An  easy  and  sure  Method  tojind  due  JVbrtfL 


T  AKE  a  smooth  piece  of  board,  draw  on  it  four, 
five  or  six  circles,  fasten  it  on  the  top  of  a  post, 
stick  a  pin  in  the  center  which  the  circles  are  draAyn 
on  within  each  other  ;  observe  in  the  forenoon  on 
which  circle  the  shadow  of  the  head  of  the  piij 


and  South, 


USEFUL  RECEIPTS, 


Strikes,  and  make  a  mai^k  ;  then  in  the  afternoon 
observe  when  it  strikes'  on  the  other  side  of  the 
same  circle  ;  then  find  the  center  on  tb.e  circle,  then 
strike  a  line  from  one  to  the  otl:::;r,  which  cannot 
fail  of  being  north  and  south. 


INDEX. 


TPagr. 
O  set  a  Blue  Vat  of  twelve  Barrels,  9 
Form  of  a  Vat- and  other  Utensils  for  Dying,  10 
To  fit  Cloths  for  Dying,  12 
Another  method  for  Blue,  1 5 

Another        do.  1 6 

Directions  to  be  observed  in  common  Colouring,  16 
To  Clean  a  Copper,  1 3 

A  General  Rule,  18 
For  Blue,  19 
do.  20 
Prussian  Blue,  Compound  or  Chymick,  20 
Another  Method  for  Biumg  or  Compound,  2 1 
Prussian  Blue,  21 
For  Green,  22,  23,  24,  25 

For  Bottle  Greett,  25,  2 S 

For  Olive  Green,  27 
For  Yellow,  27,  28,  3^ 

For  EuiT  Yellow,  29 
To  take  the  Colour  out  of  Cloth,  29,  30 

Scarlet  Red,  51,  32 

For  Ciimson  Red,  32,  33 

For  Red  v^ith  Redwood  or  Nicaragua,  34 
Crimson  Red  v/ith  Redwood,  34 
For  Red  with  Madder,  35 
For  Merroon  Red,  56 
For  Polish-d  Red  with  Madder,  3  7 

For  Portable  Red,  38 
For  Claret  Red,  39 
For  Claret,  39 
For  Madder  Red  to  be  dyed  a  Claret,  40 
For  Scarlet  to  be  dyed  Claret  or  any  dark  colour,  4# 


For  Clierry  Colour, 

41 

For  Violet  Colours, 

41 

For  Pink  Colour, 

42 

For  Flesh  Colour, 

43 

For  Orange  Colour, 

43, 

44? 

For  Brown, 

44 

For  London  Brown  or  Corbeau  with  Camwood, 

45 

For  London  Brown  or  Corbeau  with  Nicaragua, 

45 

London  Brown  or  Corbeau  with  Red-v/ood, 

47 

London  Brown, 

48 

For  Reddish  Brown, 

49 

For  Spanish  Brown, 

49 

For  London  Smoke^ 

50 

Cinnamon  Brown, 

5  1 

For  Smoke  Bro\vn, 

51 

For  Liver  Brown, 

51 

P'or  Olive  Brown, 

52, 

53 

For  a  light  Snuff  Brown, 

53 

Fijv  dark  Snuff  Brown, 

5h 

For  Snuff  Brown,  54. 

55 

F(;r  Bat-v,"lng'  Brown, 
For  Slate  Brown, 

5'r 

Foi'  Dove  or  Lead  Brown, 

58 

For  Pearl  or  Silver  Grey, 

59 

For  Lii>;ht  Brown, 

60 

For  Ash  Brown, 

60 

I  'or  Dreib  Brown, 

60 

For  Drab, 

61, 

62 

For  Forest  Cloth, 

62 

FoT  liver  Drab, 

62 

For  Li^^'ht  Liver  Drab, 

62 

For  a  ]M adder  Dr^b, 

63 

For  a  Green  Drab, 

6i 

For  a  Reddish  Drab, 

6  t 

For  Lic^ht  Drab, 

6.; 

For  Yellow  Drab, 

65 

For  a  Yellow  Drab,  Dark, 

65 

For  a  Forest  Bro>\nj 

66 

R  2 


For  a  Dark  Forest  Brown,  66 

For  Paris  Mud,  66 

For  a  Ra\^en  Cojour,  67 

For  Crow  v/iih  Copperas,      ^  68 

For  Crow,  with  Bluln:^  or  Compound,  68 

For  Crow,  with  Blue  Vitriol,  69 
For  Black,                         '          69,  71,  72,  73 

Rcccijits  for  Cotton  and  Linen, 

Blue,  74 

do.    Cold,  75 

do.  Hot,  ■  76 
To  tiike  the  Colour  out  of  Silk,  Cotton  or  Linen, 

wb;  n  b[:oc'::d.  or  another  colour  is  wished — Hot,76 

For  Green  on  Silk— Hot.  77 

Green  on  Cotton  or  Linen — Hot,  78 

YeiIow™Hol,  78 

Orange  Colour,  78 

Flcs']  Colour— riotj  79' 

-Ced—Coid,  79 

Reddii^h  ikown— Hot,  79 
For  Plum!)  Colour  or  Purple  on  Silks— Hot,     ,  80 

Fiir':)le  on  Cotton  and  Linen—Cold,  80 

rrowu^Cold,  ^  81 
I  h)ve  or  Lead  Coloui— Cold,                       .  82 

Olive— Cold,  83 

do.    Oil  Silk,  Cotton  or  Linen—Hot,  84 

Li?;ht  Olive  on  Cotton  and  Linen — Hot,.  84 

Slate  CoIour-~.Hot,  84 

Black— Kotr  S5 

do.        Cokl,  85 

Gener?!  Obaervations,  87 

Directions  for  Di  essing  Cloth,  88 

For  Fullin-  Cloth,  88 

For  thin  Cloths,  91 

To  dress  Silk  and  Cotton,  Sec.  91 
Observatioiis  on  the  component  parts  of  Colours, 

and  Dye-StuiFs,  93 

Colouring  Silk,  1 14 


Dymg  Cotton  and  Linen,  115 
Observations  on  the  present  Situation  of  the 

Dyer's  Business,  116 

Observations  on  Ivlaniifacturlng  Cloth,  1 17 


pARf  Second, 

To  Jack  or  harden  I.eatiVer  for  Caps,  Sec.  3 

To  make  Varnish  ibr  Leather,  4 
To  prepare  Feathers,  Fur,  and  Hah^,  to  receive 

Red,  Yellovv^  or  Green,  4 

To  colour  Feathers,  Fur,  &c.  Red,  4 
To  colour  Feathers,  Fur,  Flair,  and  Woollen  or 

Silk,  Blue,  of  any  shade,  5 

To  colour  Feathers,  l<c.  Yellow  and  Green,  6 

To  colour  Feathers,  &c.  Black,  5 

To  Lacker  Brass  and  Tin- Ware,  7 

To  make  Oil-Cloth  for  Hats,  Umbrellas,  Sec.  8 

To  make  Oil-Cloth  for  Carpets,  8 

To  boil  Oil  for  Painting,  '  8 
To  make  Stone  Colour,                               '  9 

To  make  Pearl  Colour,  9 

To  make  deep  Blue,  9 

To  make  Sea  Green,  10 

Verdigrease  Green,  10 

Orange  Colour  for  Carpets,  10 

To  slack  Verdigrease,  10 

To  make  Vermillion,  11 

Of  Rose  Lake,  commonly  called  Rose  Pmk,  1 2 

For  Prussian  Blue,  13 

For  making  Black  Ink,  1 5 

For  Red  Ink,  1 5 

Painting  with  Milk,  17 

Resinous  ?*lilk  Paint,  19 

To  stain  Cherry  a  Mahogany  Colour,  20 


To  stain  any  kind  of  White  Wood  a  Dark  Red,  20 


To  colour  any  kind  of  Wliite  Wood  Green,  20 
To  make  White  Wood  a  Cherry  Red,  21 
To  stain  White  Wood  Mahogany  Cciour,  2 1 

The  best  Red  Stain  for  Wood,  21 
To  stain  Wood  Bkick,  22 
To  colour  Hats  Green  on  the  under  side,  22 
Varnish  for  AVood  either  stained  or  painted,  23 
Varnish,  23 
To  make  Amber  or  Copal  Varnish,  24 
Polish  for  Mahogany  Furniture,  25 
To  soften  Steel,  for  Engravin^^',  &c.  25 
The  Chinese  method  for  rendering  Cloth  Water 

proof,  25 
To  make  an  excellent  i\merican  Wine^  26 
Cure  of  the  Dropsy,  27,  29 

Remedy  for  the  Cancer,  30,  33 

For  the  Bite  of  a  Mad  Dog,  34,  35,  36 

Cure  for  the  Dysentery,  36,  37,  38 

For  the  St.  Antliony's  Fire,  39,  40 

For  the  Consumption,  40 
For  the  Heart-Burn-,  41 
For  the  Stone,  41 
For  Spitting  of  Blood,  43 
Bitters  to  prevent  the  Fever  and  Ague,  and  a^l 

other  Fall  Fevers,  4  i 

A  certain  Cure  for  Corns,  45 
To  make  the  most  cheap  and  simple  Electric 

Machine,  .  45 

To  cure  Children  in  the  worst  stage  of  Intoxi- 
cation, 47 
Cure  for  the  Ague^  47 
For  Almonds  of  the  Ears  fallen  down,  48 
For  Frost-Bitten  Feet,  48 
For  the  Asthma,  or  Shortness  of  Breath,  49 
Method  of  making  Apple  Brandy,  '  49 

Excellent  Method  of  making  Butter,  50 
Good  Cider  as  esisily  made  as  bad,  5 1 


To  make  Currant  Wine,  ^  52,  53 

Artificial  Claret,  54 

Gooseberry  Wine,  54 

Raspberry  Wine,  55 

Damson  Wine,  55 

Wine  of  Grapes,  56 

Wine  of  Strawberries  or  Raspberries,  57 

A  short  way  for  Cherry  Wine,  57 

Black  Cherry  Wine,  57* 

Mead,  58 

aTo  make  Beer,  with  Malt,  58 

For  preserving  Apples  through  the  winter,  53 

To  pickle  Cucumbers,  green,  59 

To  pickle  French  Beans,  60 

To  pickle  Walnuts  to  eat  like  Mangoes,  60 

To  pickle  Mushrooms,  61 

To  pickle  Lemon  and  Orange  Peel,  6 1 

To  preserve  Fruit  green,  62 

To  preserve  Raspberries,  62 

To  preserve  Barberries,  65 

To  preserve  Currants,  63 

To  preserve  Walnuts  green,  63 

To  preserve  Cherries,  64 

To  candy  Cherries,  54 

To  candy  Pears,  Plumbs,  Apricots,  kt.  65 

Of  Jellies,  65 

A  method  of  preserving  Eggs,  65 
To  cure  Hams,                                        66,  67 

To  destroy  Insects  on  Plants,  67 

To  kill  Lice  on  Cattle,  69 
To  destroy  Bugs,  and  rid  Houses  of  them,  69 
An  easy  method  to  preserve  Wheat  and  Rye 

from  the  Weavil,  70 

To  preserve  Indian  Corn  from  Birds,  Sec.  71 

For  inoculating  Fruit  Trees,  71 

Ta  take  the  Film  off  a  Horse's  Eye,  73 

A  cure  for  Sheep-Biting,  74 
An  easy  and  sure  method  to  find  due  North  and 

South,  74 


Ell         T  A. 


Px\GE  IS,  line  5,  for -dressings  read  cUji/iings^ 
Page  15,  line  5,  for  cracking  read  smutting.  In  9tii 
receipt,  7i\\  line,  read  air  and  add.  Receipt  &7tb. 
first  line,  for  pound,  read  fieck*  Receipt  69,  for  sap 
read  ross.  Receipt  77,  for  thirty  read  three.  Receipt 
82,  after  madder,  add  i^vo  ounces  of  Carnivood  ;  and 
for  stir  read  air.  Receipt  84,  for  twenty  ounces  read 
t*wo  ounces^  Receipt  94,  for  cracking  and  cracky 
read  smtitting  and  smut*  Receipt  96,  for  elder  read 
alder,  for  rack,  smut.  Receipt  103,  for  cool  read 
htjtm  Receipt  118^  for  cracking  read  smutting.  Page 
88,  for  nap  read  knots.  Page  89,  for  drying  re-ad 
dressing.  Page  100,  for  v/eak  read  mikl^  'Page  10.9, 
for  otters  read  others* 

SECOND  PAR'T, 

PAGE  44,  line  16,  after  the  -wt^rd  time^  it^is-ert  and 
as  soon  as  h,e  caine  out  to  dash  cold  ivater  several 
times  on  his  breast. 


• 


